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Dongmin Kim, Tawni L. Crippen, Laxmi Dhungel, Pablo J. Delclos, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Heather R. Jordan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Dongmin Kim, Tawni L. Crippen, Laxmi Dhungel, Pablo J. Delclos, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Heather R. Jordan Mycolactone is a cytotoxic lipid metabolite produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the environmental pathogen responsible for Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease. Mycobacterium ulcerans is prevalent in West Africa, particularly found in lentic environments, where mosquitoes also occur. Researchers hypothesize mosquitoes could serve as a transmission mechanism resulting in infection by M. ulcerans when mosquitoes pierce skin contaminated with M. ulcerans. The interplay between the pathogen, mycolactone, and mosquito is only just beginning to be explored. A triple-choice assay was conducted to determine the host-seeking preference of Aedes aegypti between M. ulcerans wildtype (MU, mycolactone active) and mutant (MUlac-, mycolactone inactive). Both qualitative and quantitative differences in volatile organic compounds’ (VOCs) profiles of MU and MUlac- were determined by GC-MS. Additionally, we evaluated the interplay between Ae. aegypti proximity and M. ulcerans mRNA expression. The results showed that mosquito attraction was significantly greater (126.0%) to an artificial host treated with MU than MUlac-. We found that MU and MUlac produced differential profiles of VOCs associated with a wide range of biological importance from quorum sensing (QS) to human odor components. RT-qPCR assays showed that mycolactone upregulation was 24-fold greater for MU exposed to Ae. aegypti in direct proximity. Transcriptome data indicated significant induction of ten chromosomal genes of MU involved in stress responses and membrane protein, compared to MUlac- when directly having access to or in near mosquito proximity. Our study provides evidence of possible interkingdom interactions between unicellular and multicellular species that MU present on human skin is capable of interreacting with unrelated species (i.e., mosquitoes), altering its gene expression when mosquitoes are in direct contact or proximity, potentially impacting the production of its VOCs, and consequently leading to the stronger attraction of mosquitoes toward human hosts. This study elucidates interkingdom interactions between viable M. ulcerans bacteria and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, which rarely have been explored in the past. Our finding opens new doors for future research in terms of disease ecology, prevalence, and pathogen dispersal outside of the M. ulcerans system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichelle Waligora Kendall, Allison D. Wright, Laura A. Adamovicz, Kennymac Durante, Kirsten E. Andersson, Kelcie Frederickson, Katie Vivirito, Emilie A. Ospina, Martha A. Delaney, Matthew C. Allender
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Michelle Waligora Kendall, Allison D. Wright, Laura A. Adamovicz, Kennymac Durante, Kirsten E. Andersson, Kelcie Frederickson, Katie Vivirito, Emilie A. Ospina, Martha A. Delaney, Matthew C. Allender Ophidiomycosis is a prevalent and intermittently pervasive disease of snakes globally caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Ophidiomyces ophidiicola. Host response has yet to be fully explored, including the role of temperature in disease progression and hematologic changes. This study enrolled twelve adult prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in an experimental challenge with O. ophidiicola at two temperatures, 26°C (n = 6) and 20°C (n = 6). Each temperature cohort included four inoculated and two control snakes. Assessments involving physical exams, lesion swabbing, and hematology were performed weekly. Differences were observed between inoculated and control snakes in survival, behavior, clinical signs, ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence, hematologic response, and histologic lesions. All inoculated snakes held at 20°C were euthanized prior to study end date due to severity of clinical signs while only one inoculated animal in the 26°C trial met this outcome. In both groups, qPCR positive detection preceded clinical signs with regards to days post inoculation (dpi). However, the earliest appearance of gross lesions occurred later in the 20°C snakes (20 dpi) than the 26°C snakes (13 dpi). Relative leukocytosis was observed in all inoculated snakes and driven by heterophilia in the 20°C snakes, and azurophilia in the 26°C group. Histologically, 20°C snakes had more severe lesions, a lack of appropriate inflammatory response, and unencumbered fungal proliferation and invasion. In contrast, 26°C snakes had marked granulomatous inflammation with encapsulation of fungi and less invasion and dissemination. The results of this study identified that O. ophidiicola-infected rattlesnakes exposed to lower temperatures have decreased survival and more robust hematologic change, though minimal and ineffective inflammatory response at site of infection. Ophidiomycosis is a complex disease with host, pathogen, and environmental factors influencing disease presentation, progression, and ultimately, survival. This study highlighted the importance of temperature as an element impacting the host response to O. ophidiicola.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLily W. Zhou, Maarten G. Lansberg, Adam de Havenon
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Lily W. Zhou, Maarten G. Lansberg, Adam de Havenon Hospital readmissions following stroke are costly and lead to worsened patient outcomes. We examined readmissions rates, diagnoses at readmission, and risk factors associated with readmission following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in a large United States (US) administrative database. Using the 2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database, we identified adults discharged with AIS (ICD-10-CM I63*) as the principal diagnosis. Survival analysis with Weibull accelerated failure time regression was used to examine variables associated with hospital readmission. In 2019, 273,811 of 285,451 AIS patients survived their initial hospitalization. Of these, 60,831 (22.2%) were readmitted within 2019. Based on Kaplan Meyer analysis, readmission rates were 9.7% within 30 days and 30.5% at 1 year following initial discharge. The most common causes of readmissions were stroke and post stroke sequalae (25.4% of 30-day readmissions, 15.0% of readmissions between 30–364 days), followed by sepsis (10.3% of 30-day readmissions, 9.4% of readmissions between 30–364 days), and acute renal failure (3.2% of 30-day readmissions, 3.0% of readmissions between 30–364 days). After adjusting for multiple patient and hospital-level characteristics, patients at increased risk of readmission were older (71.6 vs. 69.8 years, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSepideh Fereshteh, Fatemeh Haririzadeh Jouriani, Narjes Noori Goodarzi, Mahdi Torkamaneh, Behnoush Khasheii, Farzad Badmasti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Sepideh Fereshteh, Fatemeh Haririzadeh Jouriani, Narjes Noori Goodarzi, Mahdi Torkamaneh, Behnoush Khasheii, Farzad Badmasti Background Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a major cause of severe infections. Due to the lack of approved vaccines, this study has presented putative vaccine candidates against it. Methods P. aeruginosa 24Pae112 as a reference strain was retrieved from GenBank database. The surface-exposed, antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-homologous human proteins were selected. The conserved domains of selected proteins were evaluated, and the prevalence of proteins was assessed among 395 genomes. Next, linear and conformational B-cell epitopes, and human MHC II binding sites were determined. Finally, five conserved and highly antigenic B-cell epitopes from OMPs were implanted on the three platforms as multi-epitope vaccines, including FliC, the bacteriophage T7 tail, and the cell wall-associated transporter proteins. The immunoreactivity was investigated using molecular docking and immune simulation. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation was done to refine the chimeric cell-wall-associated transporter-TLR4 complex as the best interaction. Results Among 6494 total proteins of P. aeruginosa 24Pae112, 16 proteins (seven OMPs and nine secreted) were ideal according to the defined criteria. These proteins had a molecular weight of 110 kDa and were prevalent in ≥ 75% of P. aeruginosa genomes. Among the presented multi-epitope vaccines, the chimeric cell-wall-associated transporter had the strongest interaction with TLR4. Moreover, the immune simulation response revealed that the bacteriophage T7 tail chimeric protein had the strongest ability to stimulate the immune system. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation indicated the proper and stable interactions between the chimeric cell-wall-associated transporter and TLR4. Conclusion This study proposed 16 shortlisted proteins as promising immunogenic targets. Two novel platforms (e.g. cell-wall-associated transporter and bacteriophage T7 tail proteins) for designing of multi-epitope vaccines (MEVs), showed the better performance compared to FliC. In our future studies, these two MEVs will receive more scrutiny to evaluate their immunoreactivity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaira Rubio-Mendoza, Carlos Córdova-Fletes, Adrián Martínez-Meléndez, Rayo Morfín-Otero, Héctor Jesús Maldonado-Garza, Elvira Garza-González
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Daira Rubio-Mendoza, Carlos Córdova-Fletes, Adrián Martínez-Meléndez, Rayo Morfín-Otero, Héctor Jesús Maldonado-Garza, Elvira Garza-González The transcriptomic profile in a biofilm model of ribotypes (RT) 001 and 027 associated with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (R-CDI) and not associated with recurrent (NR)-CDI was analyzed to identify genes that may favor the recurrence. Twenty strains were selected, 10 RT001 and 10 RT027. From each ribotype, 5 were R-CDI and 5 NR-CDI. Biofilm and nonadherent cells were prepared from each clinical isolate, and the RNA was extracted. RNA samples were pooled in 8 combinations implying ribotype, recurrence, and biofilm formation. Each pool was separately labeled with Cy3 dye and hybridized on a microarray designed for this study. Slides were scanned, analyzed, and gene expression was compared between unique and grouped pools using the Student’s t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction when appropriate. Validation was carried out by qRT-PCR for selected genes. Results: After comparisons of differentially expressed genes from both ribotypes of R-CDI strains (nonadherent cells vs. biofilm) and both ribotypes in biofilm (R-CDI vs. NR-CDI), we found 3 genes over-expressed and 1 under-expressed in common (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Overexpressed genes were CAJ70148 (a putative dehydrogenase), CAJ68100 (a secretion type II system protein from the GspH (pseudopilins) family), and CAJ69725 (a putative membrane protein); under-expressed was CAJ68151 (a segregation and condensation protein A). Because CAJ70148, CAJ68100, CAJ69725 and CAJ68151 were differentially expressed in biofilm in strains associated with R-CDI, they may support the biofilm favoring the recurrence of CDI. However, further studies will be needed for poorly studied genes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDam Khan, Shola-Able Thomas, Peggy-Estelle Tientcheu, Sambou M. S. Suso, Christopher Dupont, Brenda Kwambana-Adams, Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed, Mark P. Nicol, Martin Antonio
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Dam Khan, Shola-Able Thomas, Peggy-Estelle Tientcheu, Sambou M. S. Suso, Christopher Dupont, Brenda Kwambana-Adams, Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed, Mark P. Nicol, Martin Antonio Introduction Several important human pathogens that cause life-threatening infections are asymptomatically carried in the Nasopharynx/Oropharynx (NP/OP). DNA extraction is a prerequisite for most culture-independent techniques used to identify pathogens in the NP/OP. However, components of DNA extraction kits differ thereby giving rise to differences in performance. We compared the DNA concentration and the detection of three pathogens in the NP/OP using the discontinued DNeasy PowerSoil Kit (Kit DP) and the DNeasy PowerLyzer PowerSoil Kit (Kit DPP). Methods DNA was extracted from the same set of 103 NP/OP samples using the two kits. DNA concentration was measured using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer. Real-time Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done using the QuantStudio 7-flex system to detect three pathogens: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis. Bland-Altman statistics and plots were used to determine the threshold cycle (Ct) value agreement for the two kits. Results The average DNA concentration from kit DPP was higher than Kit DP; 1235.6 ng/ml (SD = 1368.3) vs 884.9 ng/ml (SD = 1095.3), p = 0.002. Using a Ct value cutoff of 40 for positivity, the concordance for the presence of S. pneumoniae was 82% (84/102); 94%(96/103) for N. meningitidis and 92%(95/103) for H. influenzae. Kit DP proportionately resulted in higher Ct values than Kit DPP for all pathogens. The Ct value bias of measurement for S. pneumoniae was +2.4 (95% CI, 1.9–3.0), +1.4 (95% CI, 0.9–1.9) for N. meningitidis and +1.4 (95% CI, 0.2–2.5) for H. influenzae. Conclusion The higher DNA concentration obtained using kit DPP could increase the chances of recovering low abundant bacteria. The PCR results were reproducible for more than 90% of the samples for the gram-negative H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. Ct value variations of the kits must be taken into consideration when comparing studies that have used the two kits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNoor Toraif, Neha Gondal, Pujan Paudel, Alison Frisellaa
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
by Noor Toraif, Neha Gondal, Pujan Paudel, Alison Frisellaa We use topic modeling and exponential random graph models (ERGM) to analyze statements issued by Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) (N = 356) in the United States in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder in May 2020. Prior research investigating discourse on race in IHEs demonstrates the prevalence of two paradigms. First, the ideology of ‘colorblind racism’ treats systemic racism—a form of racism where social, political, and economic institutions are organized in a way that disadvantages people of color—as having largely existed in the past. Consistent with this, IHE responses to prior race-related incidents on campus have emphasized individual prejudice, avoiding discussion of systemic racism. Second, ‘diversity’ orthodoxy, which treats race as a cultural identity and emphasizes the instrumental benefits of racial heterogeneity on campus, is commonplace in IHEs. Topic modeling of statements issued in 2020 reveals the prevalence of several themes including the systemic and enduring nature of racism in the United States, diversity orthodoxy, humanist responses reflecting rhetoric consistent with colorblind racism, and COVID-19 response strategies. ERGM reveals fragmentation in the discourse based on IHE attributes. Religiously affiliated IHEs and those located in Republican-voting states attend more to diversity and humanist discourse, and less to systemic racism. Elite IHEs, those in Democrat-voting states, and IHEs with high percentages of Black students are more focused on systemic racism. Overall, as compared to colorblind racism and diversity orthodoxy established in prior work, our analysis reveals two striking rhetorical shifts on race discourse in IHEs in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder: (1) from a colorblind ideology to discussing the systemic nature of racism in the United States, and (2) from acknowledging perpetrators but not the broader context of racism in on-campus incidents to acknowledging diffuse racism manifest in society but refraining from explicitly naming any wrongdoers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundWe identified whether maternal HIV infection during pregnancy affects transplacental transfer of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) specific antibodies and subsequent infant infection.MethodsWe followed pregnant Kenyan women through delivery and their infants until age two years. Children were classified as HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) or HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) based on maternal HIV status. Maternal venous and cord blood at delivery and child venous blood every six months were tested for antibodies to 20 KSHV antigens by multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using false discovery rate (FDR).ResultsMaternal HIV infection was significantly associated with decreased transplacental transfer of antibodies against all KSHV antigens and lower cord blood levels for eight antigens at FDR p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we showed that children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection had higher Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load, increased risk of KSHV seropositivity and higher KSHV antibody levels. We hypothesise that clinical malaria has an even larger association with KSHV seropositivity. Therefore in the current study, we investigated the association between clinical malaria and KSHV seropositivity and antibody levels.MethodsBetween 12/2020 to 03/2022, sick children (aged 5-10 years) presenting at a clinic in Uganda were enrolled in a case-control study. Pf was detected using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and subsequently with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Children with malaria were categorized into two groups; RDT+/PfPCR+ and RDT-/PfPCR+.ResultsThe seropositivity of KSHV was 60% (47/78) among Pf uninfected children, 79% (61/77); among children who were RDT-/PfPCR+ (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.41, 95% CI 1.15-5.02) and 95% (141/149) in children who were RDT+/Pf PCR+ (OR 10.52, 95% CI: 4.17-26.58; P (trend)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and the risk of stroke.MethodWe conducted a systematic meta-analysis of studies published until December 24, 2022, using PubMed and the Cochrane database; real-world studies using cohort, self-controlled case series (SCCS), and case-crossover study (CCOS) designs were identified to evaluate the incidence risk ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following COVID-19 vaccination. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool the risks of IS and HS among subpopulations categorized by vaccine type, dose, age, and sex. Sensitivity analysis was performed after stratification by defined risk periods.ResultsFourteen observational studies involving 79,918,904 individuals were included. Cohort studies showed decreased risks of IS (IRR [95% CI], 0.82 [0.75-0.90]) and HS (IRR [95% CI], 0.75 [0.67-0.85]) post-vaccination, but no association with CVST was found (IRR [95% CI], 1.18 [0.70-1.98]). SCCS identified increased risks 1-21 days (IRR [95% CI]IS, 1.05 [1.00-1.10]; IRR [95% CI]HS, 1.16 [1.06-1.26]) or 1-28 days (IRR [95% CI]IS, 1.04 [1.00-1.08]; IRR [95% CI]HS, 1.37 [1.15-1.64]) post-vaccination, similar to CVST (IRR [95% CI], 1.58 [1.08-2.32]). A CCOS reported an increased risk of CVST after vaccination using ChAdOx1 (IRR [95% CI], 2.9 [1.1-7.2]).DiscussionAlthough different study designs yielded inconsistent findings, considering the relatively low background incidence of stroke and benefits of vaccination, even a potentially increased risk of stroke post-vaccination should not justify vaccine hesitancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHou, C.-W., Williams, S., Taylor, K., Boyle, V., Bobbett, B., Kouvetakis, J., Nguyen, K., McDonald, A., Harris, V., Nussle, B., Scharf, P., Jehn, M. L., Lant, T., Magee, M., Chung, Y., LaBaer, J., Murugan, V.
BMJ Open, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
ObjectiveThis study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among adults over 18 years. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingsA large public university. ParticipantsThis study took volunteers over 5 days and recruited 1064 adult participants. Primary outcome measuresSeroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies due to previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and/or vaccination. ResultsThe seroprevalence of the antireceptor binding domain (RBD) antibody was 90% by a lateral flow assay and 88% by a semiquantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The seroprevalence for antinucleocapsid was 20%. In addition, individuals with previous natural COVID-19 infection plus vaccination had higher anti-RBD antibody levels compared with those who had vaccination only or infection only. Individuals who had a breakthrough infection had the highest anti-RBD antibody levels. ConclusionAccurate estimates of the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform the development of university risk mitigation protocols such as encouraging booster shots, extending mask mandates or reverting to online classes. It could help us to have clear guidance to act at the first sign of the next surge as well, especially since there is a surge of COVID-19 subvariant infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEnnis, S., Sandhu, H. K., Bruce, J., Seers, K., Pincus, T., Underwood, M., McGregor, G.
BMJ Open, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
BackgroundPeople with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are not routinely referred for exercise rehabilitation despite the potential for reducing breathlessness and improving quality of life. We describe the development of a supervised pulmonary hypertension exercise rehabilitation (SPHERe) programme for people with PH. MethodsDevelopment was completed in three phases: (1) systematic review, (2) stakeholder engagement with consensus from patients and experts and (3) prepilot intervention acceptability testing. We completed systematic reviews to identify international cardiopulmonary rehabilitation guidance and trials of exercise-based interventions for people with PH. Evidence from systematic reviews and stakeholder consensus shaped the SPHERe intervention, including addition of individual behavioural support sessions to promote exercise adherence. The draft SPHERe intervention was ratified through discussions with multidisciplinary professionals and people living with PH. We acceptability tested the centre-based intervention with eight participants in a prepilot development phase which identified a number of condition-specific issues relating to safety and fear avoidance of activity. Comprehensive intervention practitioner training manuals were produced to ensure standardised delivery. Participant workbooks were developed and piloted. Trial recruitment began in January 2020 but was subsequently suspended in March 2020 further to COVID-19 pandemic ‘lockdowns’. In response to the pandemic, we undertook further development work to redesign the intervention to be suitable for exclusively home-based online delivery. Recruitment to the revised protocol began in June 2021. DiscussionThe final SPHERe intervention incorporated weekly home-based online group exercise and behavioural support ‘coaching’ sessions supervised by trained practitioners, with a personalised home exercise plan and the optional loan of a stationary exercise bike. The intervention was fully manualised with clear pathways for assessment and individualised exercise prescription. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of the SPHERe online rehabilitation intervention is currently being tested in a UK multicentre randomised controlled trial. Trial registration numberISCRTN10608766.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWang, X., Pei, S., Wang, L., La, B., Zhao, M., Zhang, X., Jia, Z.
BMJ Open, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
ObjectiveTo explore the feasible and cost-effective intervention strategies to achieve the goal of dynamic COVID-Zero in China. DesignA Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered model combined economic evaluation was used to generate the number of infections, the time for dynamic COVID-Zero and calculate cost-effectiveness under different intervention strategies. The model simulated the 1 year spread of COVID-19 in mainland China after 100 initial infections were imported. InterventionsAccording to close contact tracing degree from 80% to 100%, close contact tracing time from 2 days to 1 day, isolation time from 14 days to 7 days, scope of nucleic acid testing (NAT) from 10% to 100% and NAT frequency from weekly to every day, 720 scenarios were simulated. Outcome measureCumulative number of infections (CI), social COVID-Zero duration (SCD), total cost (TC) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results205 of 720 scenarios could achieve the total COVID-Zero since the first case was reported. The fastest and most cost-effective strategy was Scenario 680, in which all close contacts were traced within 1 day, the isolation time was 14 days and 10% of the national population was randomly checked for NAT every day. In Scenario 680, the CI was 280 (100 initial infections) and the SCD was 13 days. The TC was ¥4126 hundred million and the cost of reducing one infection was ¥47 470. However, when the close contact tracing time was 2 days and the degree of close contact tracing was 80%–90%, the SCD would double to 24–101 days and the TCs increased by ¥16 505 to 37 134 hundred million compared with Scenario 680. ConclusionsIf all close contact was controlled within 1 day, the rapid social COVID-Zero can be achieved effectively and cost-effectively. Therefore, the future prevention and control of emerging respiratory infectious diseases can focus on enhancing the ability of close contact tracing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTran, B., Nguyen, M. T., Auquier, P., Boyer, L., Fond, G., Vu, G. T., Hoang, T. P., Ho, P. T., Nguyen, T. H., Latkin, C. A., Ho, C. S., Ho, R. C. M., Zhang, M. W. B.
BMJ Open, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
ObjectiveWe assessed the psychological impact posed by COVID-19 and its associated factors on the healthcare workforce nationwide during the peak of Vietnam’s fourth outbreak. DesignA cross-sectional study. SettingOur study was conducted in 61 provinces of Vietnam. MethodsA total of 2814 healthcare professionals in 61/63 provinces of Vietnam. An online questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales was distributed randomly to a subgroup of 503 respondents. Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo determine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological of health workers, we conducted analyses to test a primary hypothesis related to participants based on three main scales including PHQ-9, PSS-4 and GAD-7 scales. ResultsNearly half (49.7%) of healthcare workers experienced mild depression symptoms, 34.0% underwent moderate anxiety symptoms and 49.3% reported high-stress levels. Respondents who had a monthly income below 5 million VND (~US$212) and had more than 3 days of duty per week had a higher score on the anxiety scales. Compared with medical doctors, nurses/midwives had lower PHQ-9 (Coef=–2.53; 95% CI=–3.71 to –1.36) and GAD-7 scores (Coef=–2.36; 95% CI=–3.56 L to –1.16). Increased workload and work time was the harmful factor that increase the PHQ-9, GAD-7 or PSS-4 scores. More than half (53.9%) of respondents stated no demand for mental healthcare services. ConclusionsHealth workers who gained less financial rewards are reported to have higher levels of mental distress than others, implying the need for a raise in basic salary as well as compensation and encouragement schemes. To tackle hesitancy in seeking mental help, integrating online mental health therapy with e-health consultations via social media can be strategically implemented to augment service delivery, and simultaneously enhance the standard of mental health services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChun, Helen M.; Milligan, Kyle; Boyd, Mary Adetinuke; Abutu, Andrew; Bachanas, Pamela; Dirlikov, Emilio
AIDS, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Background: Virologic suppression (VS) has been defined using an HIV viral load (VL) of
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLake, Jordan E.; Taron, Jana; Ribaudo, Heather J.; Leon-Cruz, Jorge; Utay, Netanya S.; Swaminathan, Shobha; Fitch, Kathleen V.; Kileel, Emma M.; Paradis, Kayla; Fulda, Evelynne S.; Ho, Ken S.; Luetkemeyer, Anne F.; Johnston, Carrie D.; Zanni, Markella V.; Douglas, Pamela S.; Grinspoon, Steven K.; Lu, Michael T.; Fichtenbaum, Carl J.
AIDS, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Background: Hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is common among people with HIV (PWH). We present baseline steatosis prevalence and cardiometabolic characteristics among REPRIEVE substudy participants. Methods: REPRIEVE is an international, primary cardiovascular disease prevention, randomized, controlled trial of pitavastatin calcium vs. placebo among 7,769 PWH ages 40–75 years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk. A subset of participants underwent non-contrast computed tomography, with hepatic steatosis defined as mean hepatic attenuation 2.0, Metabolic Syndrome and each of its components were associated with NAFLD prevalence. Conclusions: In this cohort with controlled HIV and low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk, hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were common and associated with clinically relevant metabolic and inflammatory disturbances, but not current HIV- or ART-related factors. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJongen, Vita W.; Loeff, Maarten F. Schim Van Der; Van Den Elshout, Mark; Wijstma, Eline; Coyer, Liza; Davidovich, Udi; Vries, Henry J.C. De; Prins, Maria; Hoornenborg, Elske; Boyd, Anders
AIDS, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Objective: Studies have shown varying trends in incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among individuals using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Characterization of individuals at increased risk for STIs may offer an opportunity for targeted STI screening. Design: Group-based trajectory modelling Methods: We screened participants from the AMPrEP demonstration project (2015–2020) for urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal chlamydia and gonorrhea, and syphilis every 3 months and when needed. We identified trajectories of STI incidence within individuals over time and determinants of belonging to a trajectory group. We calculated cumulative proportions of STIs within STI trajectory groups. Results: 366 participants with baseline and ≥1 screening visit during follow-up were included (median follow-up time=3.7 years [IQR=3.5–3.7]). We identified three trajectories of STI incidence: (1) participants with a mean of approximately 0.1 STIs per 3-months (“low overall”, 52% of the population), (2) participants with a mean 0.4 STI per 3-months (“medium overall”, 43%), and (3) participants with high and fluctuating (between 0.3–1 STIs per 3-months) STI incidence (“high and fluctuating”, 5%). Participants in the “low overall” trajectory were significantly older, and reported less chemsex and condomless anal sex with casual partners than participants in the other trajectories. Participants in the “high and fluctuating” and “medium overall” groups accounted for respectively 23% and 64% of all STIs observed during follow-up. Conclusions: STI incidence was concentrated in subpopulations of PrEP users who were younger, had more chemsex and condomless anal sex. Screening frequency for STIs could be reduced for subpopulations with low risk for incident STIs. Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKraef, Christian; Bentzon, Adrian; Roen, Ashley; Bolokadze, Natalie; Thompson, Magdalena; Azina, Inga; Tetradov, Simona; Skrahina, Alena; Karpov, Igor; Mitsura, Viktar; Paduto, Dmitriy; Trofimova, Tatiana; Borodulina, Elena; Mocroft, Amanda; Kirk, Ole; Podlekareva, Daria N.
AIDS, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Background: Eastern Europe has a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB)/HIV-coinfection with high mortality shortly after TB diagnosis. This study assesses TB recurrence, mortality rates and causes of death among TB/HIV patients from Eastern Europe up to 11 years after TB diagnosis. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of TB/HIV patients enrolled between 2011–2013 (at TB diagnosis) and followed-up until end of 2021. A competing risk regression was employed to assess rates of TB recurrence, with death as competing event. Kaplan-Maier estimates and a multivariable Cox-regression were used to assess long-term mortality and corresponding risk factors. The Coding Causes of Death in HIV methodology was used for adjudication of causes of death. Results: 375 TB/HIV patients were included. 53 (14·1%) were later diagnosed with recurrent TB (incidence rate 3·1/100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 95% CI 2·4–4·0) during a total follow-up time of 1713 PYFU. Twenty-three of 33 patients with data on drug-resistance (69·7%) had MDR-TB. More than half with recurrent TB (n = 30/53, 56·6%) died. Overall, 215 (57·3%) died during the follow-up period, corresponding to a mortality rate of 11·4/100 PYFU (95%CI 10·0–13·1). Almost half of those (48·8%) died of TB. The proportion of all TB-related deaths was highest in the first 6 (n = 49/71; 69·0%; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuha, Debjani; Misra, Vikas; Yin, Jun; Horiguchi, Miki; Uno, Hajime; Gabuzda, Dana
AIDS, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Vascular disease contributes to HAND, but peripheral markers that distinguish vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) from HIV-related etiologies remain unclear. Design: Cross-sectional study of vascular injury, inflammation, and central nervous system (CNS) injury markers in relation to HAND. Methods: Vascular injury (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CRP), inflammation (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, MCP-1, VEGF-A), and CNS injury (NFL, total Tau, GFAP, YKL-40) markers were measured in plasma and CSF from 248 individuals (143 HIV+ on suppressive ART and 105 HIV- controls). Results: Median age was 53 years, median CD4 count, and duration of HIV infection were 505 cells/μl and 16 years, respectively. Vascular injury, inflammation, and CNS injury markers were increased in HIV+ compared with HIV- individuals (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMclaughlin, Megan M.; Durstenfeld, Matthew S.; Gandhi, Monica; Greene, Meredith; Ma, Yifei; Beatty, Alexis L.; Hsue, Priscilla Y.
AIDS, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Objectives: We sought to characterize atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and metrics of CV health in persons with HIV (PWH) eligible for primary prevention of ASCVD. Design: Cross-sectional study of PWH 40 years and older without documented ASCVD who received care at three HIV clinics in San Francisco from 2019-2022. Methods: We used ICD-10 codes and electronic health record data to assess ASCVD risk and CV health, as defined by the American Heart Association\'s Life\'s Essential 8 (LE8) metrics for nicotine exposure, body mass index (BMI), lipids, glucose, and blood pressure (BP). Results: Among 2567 PWH eligible for primary prevention of ASCVD, the median age was 55 years, 14% were female, and 95% were on antiretroviral therapy. Seventy-seven percent had undergone complete assessment of ASCVD risk factors, and 50% of these patients had intermediate-high ASCVD risk (≥7.5%). Of those with hypertension, 39% were prescribed an anti-hypertensive. Among those eligible, 43% were prescribed a statin. The mean LE8 CV health score (0 to 100 [best health]) was 55.1 for nicotine exposure, 71.3 for BMI, 70.4 for lipids, 81.2 for blood glucose, 56.0 for BP, with an average score of 66.2 across the five metrics. Patients with Medicare insurance, Black patients, and those with sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease had on average lower CV health scores; patients with undetectable viral loads had higher CV health scores. Conclusions: We highlight opportunities for improving primary prevention of ASCVD among PWH, especially in the areas of guideline-based therapy, nicotine exposure, and BP control. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSilvia Baroncelli, Clementina Maria Galluzzo, Stefano Orlando, Richard Luhanga, Robert Mphwere, Thom Kavalo, Roberta Amici, Marco Floridia, Mauro Andreotti, Fausto Ciccacci, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Marina Giuliano
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Manolya Kara, Selami Sozubir
New England Journal of Medicine, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 5, Page 454-454, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJeffrey P. Krischer, Åke Lernmark, William A. Hagopian, Marian J. Rewers, Richard McIndoe, Jorma Toppari, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Beena Akolkar
New England Journal of Medicine, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 5, Page 474-475, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundLiterature on the impact of HIV on COVID-19-related outcomes remains mixed. Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 outcomes by HIV status using population-based data.MethodsUsing data from New York City (NYC)’s COVID-19 surveillance and HIV surveillance systems prior to the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality by HIV status among SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses from February 29-October 17, 2020.ResultsRisk of hospitalization and death among people with HIV (PWH) with COVID-19 were both nearly 30% higher compared with non-PWH. In crude models, incidence of adverse COVID-19 outcomes among PWH compared to non-PWH was elevated in certain groups, including women, Black people, Hispanic/Latino people, Native American people, and multiracial people. CD4 cell count at SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and presence of an underlying, non-HIV-related condition were independently and strongly associated with risk for COVID-19 hospitalization and death among PWH.ConclusionNew Yorkers with HIV experienced elevated risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes compared to those without HIV during 2020. PWH, particularly those with low CD4 counts or underlying conditions, should be an ongoing focus for COVID-19 vaccination and rigorous identification and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections to prevent adverse outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Abstract Purpose Despite the need to generate valid and reliable estimates of protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe course of COVID-19 for the German population in summer 2022, there was a lack of systematically collected population-based data allowing for the assessment of the protection level in real time. Methods In the IMMUNEBRIDGE project, we harmonised data and biosamples for nine population-/hospital-based studies (total number of participants n = 33,637) to provide estimates for protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 between June and November 2022. Based on evidence synthesis, we formed a combined endpoint of protection levels based on the number of self-reported infections/vaccinations in combination with nucleocapsid/spike antibody responses (“confirmed exposures”). Four confirmed exposures represented the highest protection level, and no exposure represented the lowest. Results Most participants were seropositive against the spike antigen; 37% of the participants ≥ 79 years had less than four confirmed exposures (highest level of protection) and 5% less than three. In the subgroup of participants with comorbidities, 46–56% had less than four confirmed exposures. We found major heterogeneity across federal states, with 4–28% of participants having less than three confirmed exposures. Conclusion Using serological analyses, literature synthesis and infection dynamics during the survey period, we observed moderate to high levels of protection against severe COVID-19, whereas the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection was low across all age groups. We found relevant protection gaps in the oldest age group and amongst individuals with comorbidities, indicating a need for additional protective measures in these groups.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
AbstractEpithelial cells line mucosal surfaces such as in the gingival crevice and provide a barrier to the ingress of colonizing microorganisms. However, epithelial cells are more than a passive barrier to microbial intrusion, and rather constitute an interactive interface with colonizing organisms which senses the composition of the microbiome and communicates this information to the underlying cells of the innate immune system. Microorganisms, for their part, have devised means to manipulate host cell signal transduction pathways to favor their colonization and survival. Study of this field, which has become known as cellular microbiology, has revealed much about epithelial cell physiology, bacterial colonization and pathogenic strategies, and innate host responses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a universal mechanism regulating a wide range of cellular responses across all domains of life. The antagonistic activities of kinases and phosphatases can orchestrate the life cycle of an organism. The availability of bacterial genome sequences, particularly Bacillus species, followed by proteomics and functional studies have aided in the identification of putative protein kinases and protein phosphatases, and their downstream substrates. Several studies have established the role of phosphorylation in different physiological states of Bacillus species as they pass through various life stages such as sporulation, germination, and biofilm formation. The most common phosphorylation sites in Bacillus proteins are histidine, aspartate, tyrosine, serine, threonine, and arginine residues. Protein phosphorylation can alter protein activity, structural conformational and protein-protein interactions, ultimately affecting the downstream pathways. In this review, we summarize the knowledge available in the field of Bacillus signaling, with a focus on the role of protein phosphorylation in its physiological processes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid S. Guttery, Mohammad Zeeshan, Anthony A. Holder, Eelco C. Tromer, Rita Tewari
Trends in Parasitology, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Meiosis is sexual cell division, a process in eukaryotes whereby haploid gametes are produced. Compared to canonical model eukaryotes, meiosis in apicomplexan parasites appears to diverge from the process with respect to the molecular mechanisms involved; the biology of Plasmodium meiosis, and its regulation by means of post-translational modification, are largely unexplored. Here, we discuss the impact of technological advances in cell biology, evolutionary bioinformatics, and genome-wide functional studies on our understanding of meiosis in the Apicomplexa. These parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Eimeria spp., have significant socioeconomic impact on human and animal health. Understanding this key stage during the parasite’s life cycle may well reveal attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCeline Y Tan, Calvin J Chiew, Deanette Pang, Vernon J Lee, Benjamin Ong, Lin-Fa Wang, Ee Chee Ren, David Chien Lye, Kelvin Bryan Tan
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
A fourth dose with the bivalent vaccine was substantially more effective against medically attended symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospital admission than four monovalent doses among both SARS-CoV-2-naive and previously infected individuals. Boosters with the bivalent vaccine might be preferred in this omicron-predominant pandemic, regardless of previous infection history.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJin Zhao, Mei Kang, Hongyan Wu, Bowen Sun, Guy Baele, Wan-Ting He, Meng Lu, Marc A. Suchard, Xiang Ji, Na He, Shuo Su, Michael Veit
Trends in Microbiology, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
The retransmissions of SARS-CoV-2 from several mammals – primarily mink and white-tailed deer – to humans have raised concerns for the emergence of a new animal-derived SARS-CoV-2 variant to worsen the pandemic. Here, we discuss animal species that are susceptible to natural or experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2 and can transmit the virus to mates or humans. We describe cutting-edge techniques to assess the impact of a mutation in the viral spike (S) protein on its receptor and on antibody binding. Our review of spike sequences of animal-derived viruses identified nine unique amino acid exchanges in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that are not present in any variant of concern (VOC). These mutations are present in SARS-CoV-2 viruses found in companion animals such as dogs and cats, and they exhibit a higher frequency in SARS-CoV-2 found in mink and white-tailed deer, suggesting that sustained transmissions may contribute to maintaining novel mutations. Four of these exchanges, such as Leu452Met, could undermine acquired immune protection in humans while maintaining high affinity for the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Finally, we discuss important avenues of future research into animal-derived viruses with public health risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarolyn Beans
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMengying LiuA. Sophie BakkerYoshiki NarimatsuFrank J. M. van KuppeveldHenrik ClausenCornelis A. M. de HaanErik de VriesaVirology section, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the NetherlandsbCenter for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuta HiraikeKaede SaitoMisato OguchiTakahito WadaGotaro TodaShuichi TsutsumiKana BandoJunji SagawaGaku NaganoHaruya OhnoNaoto KubotaTetsuya KubotaHiroyuki AburataniTakashi KadowakiHironori WakiShintaro YanagimotoToshimasa YamauchiaDivision for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanbThe University of Tokyo Excellent Young Researcher Program, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, JapancDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, JapandGenome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, JapaneLaboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, JapanfDepartment of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, JapangDepartment of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, JapanhDivision of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 103-0002, JapaniNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, JapanjToranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, JapankDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPengfei LiBiyun XueNicholas J. SchnickerLok-Yin Roy WongDavid K. MeyerholzStanley PerlmanaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242bDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242cProtein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242dDepartment of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTom Y. ChangMireille JacobsonManisha ShahMatthew KopetskyRajiv PramanikSamir B. ShahaDepartment of Finance and Business Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089bLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089cSchaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economic, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089dGoldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley 94720eContra Costa Regional Medical Center Health Centers, Contra Costa Health Services, Martinez, CA 94553
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMauricio Aguilar RangelPatrick T. DolanShuhei TaguwaYinghong XiaoRaul AndinoJudith FrydmanaDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143cResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang BaiRui MinPengcheng ChenShenglin MeiFan DengZengzhang ZhengCong JiangRui MiaoZeyu WuPeng ZhangYoudong PanJudy LiebermanXing LiuaThe Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, ChinabUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinacDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115dShanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai 200052, ChinaeDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, ChinafProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115gDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115hDepartment of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115iHarvard Skin Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLucile ViguéOlivier TenaillonaUniversité Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, F-75018 Paris, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAurélie BeauvoisHélène GazonPradeep Singh ChauhanMajeed JamakhaniJean-Rock JacquesMarc ThiryEmmanuel DejardinEmmanuel Di ValentinJean-Claude TwizereJean-Marie PéloponèseMakon-Sébastien NjockJun-Ichirou YasunagaMasao MatsuokaMalik HamaïdiaLuc WillemsaLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, BelgiumbMolecular Biology, Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, BelgiumcLaboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, BelgiumdLaboratory of Molecular Immunology & Signal Transduction, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, BelgiumeViral Vectors Platform, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, BelgiumfLaboratory of Viral Interactomes, Unit of Molecular Biology of Diseases, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, BelgiumgInstitut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34094, Montpellier, FrancehLaboratory of Pneumology, Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, BelgiumiDepartment of Hematology, Kumamoto University, 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAparna KeshaviahIan HuffXindi C. HuVirginia GuidryAriel ChristensenSteven BerkowitzStacie RecklingRachel T. NobleThomas ClerkinDenene BlackwoodSandra L. McLellanAdélaïde RoguetIsabel MusseaMathematica, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543bNorth Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC 27609cInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557dSchool of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEugene V. KooninaNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 31, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLeike Zhang, Xuefang Peng, Qingxing Wang, Jin Li, Shouming Lv, Shuo Han, Lingyu Zhang, Heng Ding, Cong-Yi Wang, Gengfu Xiao, Xuguang Du, Ke Peng, Hao Li, Wei Liu
Science Advances, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Sophie L. Larsen, Ikgyu Shin, Jefrin Joseph, Haylee West, Rafael Anorga, Gonzalo E. Mena, Ayesha S. Mahmud, Pamela P. Martinez
Science Advances, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Huizhen Ma, Xiaoning Zhang, Ling Liu, You Huang, Si Sun, Ke Chen, Qi Xin, Pengfei Liu, Yuxing Yan, Yili Wang, Yuan Li, Haile Liu, Ruoli Zhao, Kexin Tan, Xinzhu Chen, Xun Yuan, Yonghui Li, Ying Liu, Haitao Dai, Changlong Liu, Hao Wang, Xiao-Dong Zhang
Science Advances, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundNirmatrelvir-ritonavir is currently not recommended in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDionísia Balate, Gerson Afai, Faiza Sallé, Timóteo Simone, Cynthia Semá Baltazar, Rose Zulliger, Érika Valeska Rossetto
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
by Dionísia Balate, Gerson Afai, Faiza Sallé, Timóteo Simone, Cynthia Semá Baltazar, Rose Zulliger, Érika Valeska Rossetto Introduction The use of face masks is one of the preventive measures that Mozambique adopted in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. A study carried out from May 25 to June 6, 2020 found that although many wore masks, incorrect use was observed in 27.5% of the population observed. This data collection aimed to measure the degree of mask use compliance during a more protracted, higher second wave of transmission. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in the City of Maputo from 19 to 28 October 2020 through direct observation of mask use of all individuals present in markets, supermarkets and bus terminals. The data were collected using mobile phones with the Open Data Kit Collect (ODK) data collection program. Sociodemographic characteristics, mask use, and type of mask used were documented. Factors associated with incorrect mask use were evaluated considering sex, age, observation period and location. Results A total of 49,404 individuals were observed, of whom 24,977(50.6%) were male, 46,484 (94.1%) were adults and 17,549 (35.5%) were observed in the markets. An observed 41,786 (84.6%) wore a mask, of whom 33,851 (81.0%) used it correctly. Not covering the mouth and nose was common; observed in 4,649 (58.5%) of those using incorrectly. Of different types of masks, fabric masks were most often used incorrectly 7,225 (21.4%). The factors associated with incorrect mask use were female gender (OR = 1.2 [1.1–1.3], p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA. H. Ayesha Lavell, Joeri Tijdink, David T. P. Buis, Yvo M. Smulders, Marije K. Bomers, Jonne J. Sikkens
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
by A. H. Ayesha Lavell, Joeri Tijdink, David T. P. Buis, Yvo M. Smulders, Marije K. Bomers, Jonne J. Sikkens Background Hospital health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. We investigated whether certain behavioral and physical features, e.g. nose picking and wearing glasses, are associated with infection risk. Aim To assess the association between nose picking and related behavioral or physical features (nail biting, wearing glasses, and having a beard) and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2-infection. Methods In a cohort study among 404 HCW in two university medical centers in the Netherlands, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were prospectively measured during the first phase of the pandemic. For this study HCW received an additional retrospective survey regarding behavioral (e.g. nose picking) and physical features. Results In total 219 HCW completed the survey (response rate 52%), and 34/219 (15.5%) became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive during follow-up from March 2020 till October 2020. The majority of HCW (185/219, 84.5%) reported picking their nose at least incidentally, with frequency varying between monthly, weekly and daily. SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in nose picking HCW compared to participants who refrained from nose picking (32/185: 17.3% vs. 2/34: 5.9%, OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.05 to 24.52), adjusted for exposure to COVID-19. No association was observed between nail biting, wearing glasses, or having a beard, and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Nose picking among HCW is associated with an increased risk of contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore recommend health care facilities to create more awareness, e.g. by educational sessions or implementing recommendations against nose picking in infection prevention guidelines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhyo Zin Winn, Thein Hlaing, Kyaw Myo Tun, Seim Lei Lei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.08.2023
Tilføjet 3.08.2023
by Phyo Zin Winn, Thein Hlaing, Kyaw Myo Tun, Seim Lei Lei Background The life quality of about two-thirds of patients with COVID-19 is affected by related olfactory dysfunctions. The negative impact of olfactory dysfunction ranged from the decreased pleasure of eating to impaired quality of life. This research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of corticosteroid treatments by comparing that to other currently available treatments and interventions. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist’s 27-point checklist was used to conduct this review. PubMed (Public/Publisher MEDLINE), PubMed Central and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database) databases were conveniently selected and Boolean search commands were used for a comprehensive literature search. Five core search terms were \'effects of treatments\', \' COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction\', \'corticosteroids\', \'treatments\' and \'interventions\'. The reporting qualities of the included studies were appraised using JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) appraisal tools. The characteristics of the 21 experimental studies with a total sample (of 130,550) were aggregated using frequencies and percentages and presented descriptively. The main interventions and their effects on the duration of the COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction were narratively analyzed. Results Among patients with COVID-19, the normal functions of the olfactory lobe were about 23 days earlier to gain with the treatments of fluticasone and triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray compared with that of mometasone furoate nasal spray and oral corticosteroid. The smell loss duration was reduced by fluticasone and triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray 9 days earlier than the inflawell syrup and 16 days earlier than the lavender syrup. The nasal spray of corticosteroids ended the COVID-19-related smell loss symptoms 2 days earlier than the zinc supplementation, about 47 days earlier than carbamazepine treatment and was more effective than palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and luteolin and omega-3 supplementations and olfactory training. Treatment with oral corticosteroid plus olfactory training significantly improved Threshold, Discrimination and Identification (TDI) scores compared with olfactory training alone. A full dose of the COVID-19 vaccination was not uncertain to reduce the COVID-19-related smell loss duration. Conclusion Corticosteroid treatment is effective in reducing the duration of COVID-19-related smell loss and olfactory training, the basic, essential and effective intervention, should be used as a combination therapy.
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