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1
Pregnancy as an Opportunity for Hepatitis C Virus Elimination and Eradication
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 199-201
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2
Challenges in Diagnosing and Treating Acutely Febrile Children with Suspected Malaria at Health Care Facilities in the Lake Mwanza Region of Tanzania
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 202-208
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3
Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to Natural Plasmodium falciparum Infection: A Comparison between the Well-Established Anopheles gambiae s.s Line and a Newly Established Ugandan Anopheles gambiae s.s. Line
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 209-213
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4
Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Southern Senegal
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 214-219
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5
Comparison of Three Methods to Extract Plasmodium falciparum DNA from Whole Blood and Dried Blood Spots
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 220-227
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6
Case Report: In Situ and Systemic Immune Response to Mucosal Leishmaniasis in an HIV-Infected Patient
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 228-233
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7
Trapping Triatominae Bugs Using Mice-Baited Traps along the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 234-237
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8
Positive Toxoplasma IgG Serology Is Associated with Increased Overall Mortality – A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 238-245
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9
Case Report: A Series of Three Meningoencephalitis Cases Caused by Acanthamoeba spp. from Eastern India
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 246-249
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10
Female Genital Schistosomiasis Lesion Resolution Post-Treatment with Praziquantel in Zambian Adults
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 250-253
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11
Examination of Diagnostic Performance of New IgG4 Rapid Test Compared with IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs to Investigate Epidemiology of Strongyloidiasis in Northeast Thailand
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 254-262
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12
Effectiveness of a School Intervention Based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Soil-Transmitted Helminths
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 263-269
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13
Case Report: Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Previously Immunocompetent Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 270-273
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14
Case Report: Successful Treatment of Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis with Voriconazole: A Case Report and Literature Review
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 274-278
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15
Case Report: Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis in a Young Girl with Cystic Fibrosis and Celiac Disease
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 279-282
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16
Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Nepal
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 283-290
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17
Gut Microbiome Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance After a Single Dose of Oral Azithromycin in Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 291-294
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18
Incidence and Risk Factors for Wound Infections after Trimeresurus stejnegeri Snakebites in Taiwan
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 295-302
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19
Implementation and Evaluation of a Training Program for Traditional Healers to Improve Knowledge of Noma (Cancrum Oris) in Burkina Faso
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 303-310
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20
Surveillance of Fleas and Their Small Mammal Hosts for Plague Risks in Some Main Seaports of the Islands of the Southwestern Indian Ocean
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 311-319
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21
Case Report: Fatal Rickettsiosis in Pregnancy
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 320-322
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22
Determinants of Diarrhea Among Children Aged 1 to 6 Years in Flood-Affected Areas of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 323-330
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23
Comparison of Characteristics of Children with Severe Acute and Chronic Malnutrition Hospitalized with Diarrhea
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 331-338
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24
Etiologies of Mild and Moderate Diarrheal Illness among Children in Consuelo, Dominican Republic
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 339-345
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25
Suboptimal Bacteriological Quality of Household Water in Municipal Ibadan, Nigeria
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 346-355
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26
Prevalence and Correlates of Stunting among a High-Risk Population of Kenyan Children Recently Hospitalized for Acute Illnesses
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 356-363
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27
Teledermatology to Improve Access to and Quality of Skin Care in Eastern Indonesia
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 364-369
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28
Maternal Decision-Making Power and Care-Seeking Behaviors for Acutely Ill Children: A Multilevel Analysis of 33 Sub-Saharan African Countries
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 370-378
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29
Work Experience of Intensive Care Nurses during the Period of the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 379-386
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30
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Follow-Up of Patients Living with HIV in Chad: A Retrospective Monocentric Investigation
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 387-390
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31
Influence of Microbiota on Clinical Expressions of Respiratory Viral Infections
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 391-398
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32
Relative effects of climate factors and malaria control interventions on changes of parasitaemia risk in Burkina Faso from 2014 to 2017/2018
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background In Burkina Faso, the prevalence of malaria has decreased over the past two decades, following the scale-up of control interventions. The successful development of malaria parasites depends on several climatic factors. Intervention gains may be reversed by changes in climatic factors. In this study, we investigated the role of malaria control interventions and climatic factors in influencing changes in the risk of malaria parasitaemia. Methods Bayesian logistic geostatistical models were fitted on Malaria Indicator Survey data from Burkina Faso obtained in 2014 and 2017/2018 to estimate the effects of malaria control interventions and climatic factors on the temporal changes of malaria parasite prevalence. Additionally, intervention effects were assessed at regional level, using a spatially varying coefficients model. Results Temperature showed a statistically important negative association with the geographic distribution of parasitaemia prevalence in both surveys; however, the effects of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) use was negative and statistically important only in 2017/2018. Overall, the estimated number of infected children under the age of 5 years decreased from 704,202 in 2014 to 290,189 in 2017/2018. The use of ITNs was related to the decline at national and regional level, but coverage with artemisinin-based combination therapy only at regional level. Conclusion Interventions contributed more than climatic factors to the observed change of parasitaemia risk in Burkina Faso during the period of 2014 to 2017/2018. Intervention effects varied in space. Longer time series analyses are warranted to determine the differential effect of a changing climate on malaria parasitaemia risk.
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33
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in sepsis: an observational cohort study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background Sepsis not only causes inflammation, but also damages the heart and increases the risk of death. The glycolytic pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiac injury. This study aims to investigate the value of bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM), an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway, in evaluating cardiac injury in septic patients and predicting poor prognosis in sepsis. Methods This prospective study included 85 patients with sepsis. Serum BPGM was measured at the time of enrollment, and the patients were divided into a BPGM-positive group (n = 35) and a BPGM-negative group (n = 50) according to their serum BPGM levels. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters, and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare the 28-day survival rate between BPGM-negative and BPGM-positive patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in septic patients. The predictive value of serum BPGM for sepsis-induced myocardial injury and poor prognosis in sepsis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis. Result The serum level of BPGM was significantly higher in patients who died within 28 days compared to survivors (p
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34
Molecular examination for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. infections in Iranian women experiencing spontaneous miscarriage
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background Spontaneous miscarriage, a leading health concern globally, often occurs due to various factors, including infections. Among these, Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. may have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. While previous research has established a link between infections and spontaneous miscarriage, our study aimed specifically to investigate the presence of these two pathogens in abortion samples from women who experienced spontaneous miscarriages in Iran. Our study can add to the existing knowledge by focusing on Iran, a region with a high prevalence of C. burnetii and Brucella spp. As a result, it could provide a better understanding and unique insights into the relationship of these pathogens with spontaneous miscarriages in endemic regions. Methods From March 2021 to March 2022, a total of 728 abortion samples (including placenta and cotyledon) were collected from 409 women who had experienced spontaneous miscarriages in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and West Azerbaijan in Iran. The specimens included 467 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and 261 fresh frozen samples. After DNA extraction from abortion samples, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeted a specific fragment of the IS1111 and IS711 elements for molecular identification of C. burnetii and Brucella spp., respectively. Furthermore, the qPCR assay employing specific primers for different species was used to determine the species of Brucella. Results Among the studied women, 1 out of 409 (0.24%) samples tested positive for Brucella spp., specifically Brucella melitensis. There were no positive specimens for C. burnetii. Conclusions Our study contributes to understanding the potential involvement of Brucella species in spontaneous infectious abortion within endemic regions. The identification of B. melitensis in this study highlights the need for further research in this area. However, while our results suggest a relatively low or zero identification of these pathogens in our sample population, this does not rule out the possibility of undetected infections. Therefore, it is critical to acknowledge the limitations of the molecular techniques used (qPCR), which may have potential limitations such as sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, because 64.15% of our samples were FFPE, the sensitivity of the qPCR test may be reduced. These raise concerns about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates and the potential for false positives or negatives.
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35
Ocular syphilis masquerading as refractory retinal diseases
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Purpose To report two cases of syphilis masquerading as chronic refractory macular diseases. Case descriptions Two patients had been diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neovascular AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), respectively. The disease worsened despite repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and also surgical treatment (in suspected case of DME). Systemic evaluations were positive for syphilis. Intravenous penicillin was started, and the macular diseases improved. The lesions were well controlled afterward. Conclusions The current two cases demonstrated that ocular syphilis can masquerade as refractory chronic retinal diseases such as DME and neovascular AMD. Laboratory evaluations for syphilis may be needed, not only for uveitis but also for refractory retinal diseases. Indocyanine green angiography may be helpful to reveal occult syphilis.
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36
Time to sputum culture conversion and its associated factors among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate the sputum culture conversion time of DR-TB patients and its related factors. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang, CBM and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on sputum culture conversion time in patients with DR-TB. Meta-analysis was performed by using the R 4.3.0 version and Stata 16 software. Results A total of 45 studies involving 17373 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled median time to sputum culture conversion was 68.57 days (IQR 61.01,76.12). The median time of sputum culture conversion in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis was different in different WHO regions, countries with different levels of development and different treatment schemes. And female (aHR = 0.59,95%CI: s0.46,0.76), alcohol history (aHR = 0.70,95%CI:0.50,0.98), smoking history (aHR = 0.58,95%CI:0.38,0.88), history of SLD use (aHR = 0.64,95%CI:0.47,0.87), BMI
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37
Development and validation of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of six bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections and antimicrobial resistance genes
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are major bacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) globally, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens poses significant challenges for their effective antibiotic therapy. In low-resourced settings, patients with LRTIs are prescribed antibiotics empirically while awaiting several days for culture results. Rapid pathogen and AMR gene detection could prompt optimal antibiotic use and improve outcomes. Methods Here, we developed multiplex quantitative real-time PCR using EvaGreen dye and melting curve analysis to rapidly identify six major pathogens and fourteen AMR genes directly from respiratory samples. The reproducibility, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) of real-time PCR assays for pathogen detection were evaluated using DNA control mixes and spiked tracheal aspirate. The performance of RT-PCR assays was subsequently compared with the gold standard, conventional culture on 50 tracheal aspirate and sputum specimens of ICU patients. Results The sensitivity of RT-PCR assays was 100% for K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and 63.6% for S. aureus and the specificity ranged from 87.5% to 97.6%. The kappa correlation values of all pathogens between the two methods varied from 0.63 to 0.95. The limit of detection of target bacteria was 1600 CFU/ml. The quantitative results from the PCR assays demonstrated 100% concordance with quantitative culture of tracheal aspirates. Compared to culture, PCR assays exhibited higher sensitivity in detecting mixed infections and S. pneumoniae. There was a high level of concordance between the detection of AMR gene and AMR phenotype in single infections. Conclusions Our multiplex quantitative RT-PCR assays are fast and simple, but sensitive and specific in detecting six bacterial pathogens of LRTIs and their antimicrobial resistance genes and should be further evaluated for clinical utility.
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38
Diagnosis of human leptospirosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the Leptospira microscopic agglutination test, PCR targeting Lfb1, and IgM ELISA to Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an underdiagnosed infectious disease with non-specific clinical presentation that requires laboratory confirmation for diagnosis. The serologic reference standard remains the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) on paired serum samples. However, reported estimates of MAT’s sensitivity vary. We evaluated the accuracy of four index tests, MAT on paired samples as well as alternative standards for leptospirosis diagnosis: MAT on single acute-phase samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target gene Lfb1, and ELISA IgM with Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge as an antigen. Methods We performed a systematic review of studies reporting results of leptospirosis diagnostic tests. We searched eight electronic databases and selected studies that tested human blood samples and compared index tests with blood culture and/or PCR and/or MAT (comparator tests). For MAT selection criteria we defined a threshold for single acute-phase samples according to a national classification of leptospirosis endemicity. We used a Bayesian random-effect meta-analysis to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of MAT in single acute-phase and paired samples separately, and assessed risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy Approach- 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results For the MAT accuracy evaluation, 15 studies were included, 11 with single acute-phase serum, and 12 with paired sera. Two included studies used PCR targeting the Lfb1 gene, and one included study used IgM ELISA with Leptospira fainei serovar Hurstbridge as antigen. For MAT in single acute-phase samples, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 14% (95% credible interval [CrI] 3–38%) and 86% (95% CrI 59–96%), respectively, and the predicted sensitivity and specificity were 14% (95% CrI 0–90%) and 86% (95% CrI 9–100%). Among paired MAT samples, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 68% (95% CrI 32–92%) and 75% (95% CrI 45–93%) respectively, and the predicted sensitivity and specificity were 69% (95% CrI 2–100%) and 75% (2–100%). Conclusions Based on our analysis, the accuracy of MAT in paired samples was not high, but it remains the reference standard until a more accurate diagnostic test is developed. Future studies that include larger numbers of participants with paired samples will improve the certainty of accuracy estimates.
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39
Maternal sepsis and factors associated with poor maternal outcomes in a tertiary hospital in Tigray, Ethiopia: a retrospective chart review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background Maternal sepsis is the third leading cause of maternal death in the world. Women in resource-limited countries shoulder most of the burdens related to sepsis. Despite the growing risk associated with maternal sepsis, there are limited studies that have tried to assess the impact of maternal sepsis in resource-limited countries. The current study determined the outcomes of maternal sepsis and factors associated with having poor maternal outcomes. Methods A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the clinical presentation, maternal outcomes, and factors associated with maternal sepsis. The study was conducted in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of women with maternal sepsis were analyzed using a descriptive statistic. The association between dependent and independent variables was determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 27,350 live births, 298 mothers developed sepsis, giving a rate of 109 maternal sepsis for every 10,000 live births. There were 22 maternal deaths, giving rise to a case fatality rate of 7.4% and a maternal mortality ratio of 75 per 100,000 live births. Admission to the intensive care unit and use of mechanical ventilator were observed in 23.5% and 14.1% of the study participants, respectively. A fourth (24.2%) of the mothers were complicated with septic shock. Overall, 24.2% of women with maternal sepsis had severe maternal outcomes (SMO). Prolonged hospital stay, having parity of two and above, having the lung as the focus of infection, switchof antibiotics, and developing septic shock were significantly associated with SMO. Conclusions This study revealed that maternal sepsis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings; with a significant number of women experiencing death, intensive care unit admission, and intubation attributable to sepsis. The unavailability of recommended diagnostic modalities and management options has led to the grave outcomes observed in this study. To ward off the effects of infection during pregnancy, labor and postpartum period and to prevent progression to sepsis and septic shock in low-income countries, we recommend that concerted and meticulous efforts should be applied to build the diagnostic capacity of health facilities, to have effective infection prevention and control practice, and to avail recommended diagnostic and management options.
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40
Enhancing enteric pathogen detection: implementation and impact of multiplex PCR for improved diagnosis and surveillance
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background Syndromic surveillance of acute gastroenteritis plays a significant role in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal infections that are responsible for a substantial number of deaths globally, especially in developing countries. In Lebanon, there is a lack of national surveillance for acute gastroenteritis, and limited data exists regarding the prevalence of pathogens causing diarrhea. The one-year study aims to investigate the epidemiology of common gastrointestinal pathogens and compare our findings with causative agents of diarrhea reported by our study collaborative centers. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted over a one-year period. A total of 271 samples were obtained from outpatients and inpatients presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis at various healthcare facilities. The samples were then analyzed using Allplex gastrointestinal assay that identifies a panel of enteric pathogens. Results Overall, enteropathogens were detected in 71% of the enrolled cases, 46% of those were identified in patients as single and 54% as mixed infections. Bacteria were observed in 48%, parasites in 12% and viruses in 11%. Bacterial infections were the most prevalent in all age groups. Enteroaggregative E. coli (26.5%), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (23.2%) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (20.3%) were the most frequently identified followed by Blastocystis hominis (15.5%) and Rotavirus (7.7%). Highest hospitalization rate occurred with rotavirus (63%), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (50%), Blastocystis hominis (45%) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (43%). Enteric pathogens were prevalent during summer, fall and winter seasons. Conclusions The adoption of multiplex real-time PCR assays in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections has identified gaps and improved the rates of detection for multiple pathogens. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting comprehensive surveillance to monitor enteric infections. The implementation of a syndromic testing panel can therefore provide healthcare professionals with timely and accurate information for more effective treatment and public health interventions.
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41
Clinical and diagnostic values of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for infection in hematology patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Objectives This meta-analysis focused on systematically assessing the clinical value of mNGS for infection in hematology patients. Methods We searched for studies that assessed the clinical value of mNGS for infection in hematology patients published in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI from inception to August 30, 2023. We compared the detection positive rate of pathogen for mNGS and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). The diagnostic metrics, antibiotic adjustment rate and treatment effective rate were combined. Results Twenty-two studies with 2325 patients were included. The positive rate of mNGS was higher than that of CMT (blood: 71.64% vs. 24.82%, P
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42
Risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on international flights, a retrospective cohort study using national surveillance data in England
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Abstract Background It is not yet fully understood to what extent in-flight transmission contributed to the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to determine the occurrence and extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in-flight and assess factors associated with transmission risk to inform future control strategies. Methods Retrospective cohort study using data obtained from contact tracing of international flights arriving in England between 02/08/2021–15/10/2021. Transmission risk was estimated by calculating the secondary attack rate (SAR). Univariable and multivariable analyses of the SAR by specific risk factors was undertaken, including: number of in-flight index cases; number of symptomatic index cases; contact vaccination status; flight duration; proximity to the index case(s); contact age. Results 11,307 index cases linked to 667,849 contacts with 5,289 secondary cases reported. In-flight SAR was 0.79% (95% CI: 0.77–0.81). Increasing numbers of symptomatic cases (when > 4 index cases compared to one index case aOR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.40–2.44) and seating proximity to an index case (seated within compared to outside of two rows OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.50–2.22) were associated with increased risk of secondary cases. Full vaccination history was protective (aOR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47–0.57). Conclusions This study confirms that in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. There are factors associated with increased risk of infection. Contact tracing identified exposed persons who subsequently developed infection. A targeted approach to contact tracing passengers with the highest exposure risk could be an effective use of limited public health resources.
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43
[Articles] Child deaths caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia: a secondary analysis of Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) data
Jennifer R Verani, Dianna M Blau, Emily S Gurley, Victor Akelo, Nega Assefa, Vicky Baillie, Quique Bassat, Mussie Berhane, James Bunn, Anelsio C A Cossa, Shams El Arifeen, Revathi Gunturu, Martin Hale, Aggrey Igunza, Adama M Keita, Sartie Kenneh, Karen L Kotloff, Dickens Kowuor, Rita Mabunda, Zachary J Madewell, Shabir Madhi, Lola Madrid, Sana Mahtab, Judice Miguel, Florence V Murila, Ikechukwu U Ogbuanu, Julius Ojulong, Dickens Onyango, Joe O Oundo, J Anthony G Scott, Samba Sow, Milagritos Tapia, Cheick B Traore, Sithembiso Velaphi, Cynthia G Whitney, Inacio Mandomando, Robert F Breiman
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
K pneumoniae substantially contributed to deaths in the first 2 years of life across multiple high-mortality settings, and resistance to antibiotics used for sepsis treatment was common. Improved strategies are needed to rapidly identify and appropriately treat children who might be infected with this pathogen. These data suggest a potential impact of developing and using effective K pneumoniae vaccines in reducing neonatal, infant, and child deaths globally.
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[Articles] Modulation of multidrug-resistant clone success in Escherichia coli populations: a longitudinal, multi-country, genomic and antibiotic usage cohort study
Anna K Pöntinen, Rebecca A Gladstone, Henri Pesonen, Maiju Pesonen, François Cléon, Benjamin J Parcell, Teemu Kallonen, Gunnar Skov Simonsen, Nicholas J Croucher, Alan McNally, Julian Parkhill, Pål J Johnsen, Ørjan Samuelsen, Jukka Corander
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Our study indicates that resistance profiles of contemporaneously successful clones can vary substantially, warranting caution in the interpretation of correlations between aggregate measures of resistance and antibiotic usage. Our study further suggests that in countries with low-to-moderate use of antibiotics, such as the UK and Norway, the extent of non-penicillin β-lactam use modulates rather than determines the success of widely disseminated MDR ESBL-carrying E coli clones. Detailed understanding of underlying causal drivers of success is important for improved control of resistant pathogens.
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45
[Articles] Antibiotic resistance determination using Enterococcus faecium whole-genome sequences: a diagnostic accuracy study using genotypic and phenotypic data
Francesc Coll, Theodore Gouliouris, Beth Blane, Corin A Yeats, Kathy E Raven, Catherine Ludden, Fahad A Khokhar, Hayley J Wilson, Leah W Roberts, Ewan M Harrison, Carolyne S Horner, Thi Hoi Le, Thi Hoa Nguyen, Vu Trung Nguyen, Nicholas M Brown, Mark A Holmes, Julian Parkhill, Mili Estee Török, Sharon J Peacock
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
To our knowledge, this work represents the largest published evaluation to date of the accuracy of antibiotic susceptibility predictions from E faecium genomes. The results and resources will facilitate the adoption of whole-genome sequencing as a tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in E faecium. A complete characterisation of the genetic basis of resistance to last-line antibiotics, and the mechanisms mediating antibiotic resistance silencing, are needed to close the remaining sensitivity and specificity gaps in genotypic predictions.
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46
[Articles] Opportunities and limitations of genomics for diagnosing bedaquiline-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and individual isolate meta-analysis
Camus Nimmo, Neda Bionghi, Matthew J Cummings, Rubeshan Perumal, Madeleine Hopson, Shamim Al Jubaer, Kogieleum Naidoo, Allison Wolf, Barun Mathema, Michelle H Larsen, Max O’Donnell
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Sequencing candidate genes is insufficiently sensitive to diagnose clinical bedaquiline resistance, but where identified, some mutations should be assumed to be associated with resistance. Genomic tools are most likely to be effective in combination with rapid phenotypic diagnostics. This study was limited by selective sampling in contributing studies and only considering single genetic loci as causative of resistance.
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47
[Articles] RT-PCR genotyping assays to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants in England in 2021: a design and retrospective evaluation study
Neil Bray, Will Sopwith, Matt Edmunds, Harper Vansteenhouse, Jelena D M Feenstra, Peter Jacobs, Kamal Rajput, Anne Marie O’Connell, Melanie L Smith, Paula Blomquist, Diane Hatziioanou, Richard Elson, Roberto Vivancos, Eileen Gallagher, Mark J Wigglesworth, Anna Dominiczak, Susan Hopkins, Iain R Lake
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
RT-PCR genotyping assays are suitable for high-throughput variant surveillance and could complement WGS, enabling larger scale testing for known variants and timelier results, with important implications for effective public health responses and disease control globally, especially in settings with low WGS capacity. However, the choice of panels of RT-PCR assays is highly dependent on database information on circulating variants generated by WGS, which could limit the use of genotyping assays when new variants are emerging and spreading rapidly.
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48
[Review] Global Streptococcus pyogenes strain diversity, disease associations, and implications for vaccine development: a systematic review
Pierre R Smeesters, Gabrielle de Crombrugghe, Shu Ki Tsoi, Céline Leclercq, Ciara Baker, Joshua Osowicki, Caroline Verhoeven, Anne Botteaux, Andrew C Steer
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
The high strain diversity of Streptococcus pyogenes serves as a major obstacle to vaccine development against this leading global pathogen. We did a systematic review of studies in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase that reported the global distribution of S pyogenes emm-types and emm-clusters from Jan 1, 1990, to Feb 23, 2023. 212 datasets were included from 55 countries, encompassing 74 468 bacterial isolates belonging to 211 emm-types. Globally, an inverse correlation was observed between strain diversity and the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI; r=−0·72; p
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49
[Review] Laboratory-acquired infections and pathogen escapes worldwide between 2000 and 2021: a scoping review
Stuart D Blacksell, Sandhya Dhawan, Marina Kusumoto, Khanh K Le, Kathrin Summermatter, Joseph O’Keefe, Joseph P Kozlovac, Salama S Almuhairi, Indrawati Sendow, Christina M Scheel, Anthony Ahumibe, Zibusiso M Masuku, Allan M Bennett, Kazunobu Kojima, David R Harper, Keith Hamilton
The Lancet Microbe, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) and accidental pathogen escape from laboratory settings (APELS) are major concerns for the community. A risk-based approach for pathogen research management within a standard biosafety management framework is recommended but is challenging due to reasons such as inconsistency in risk tolerance and perception. Here, we performed a scoping review using publicly available, peer-reviewed journal and media reports of LAIs and instances of APELS between 2000 and 2021.
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