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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1295 emner vises.
Müge Ayhan, Belgin Coşkun, Bircan Kayaaslan, İmran Hasanoğlu, Ayşe Kaya Kalem, Fatma Eser, Yeşim Aybar Bilir, Serpil Ünlü, Rahmet Güner
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
by Müge Ayhan, Belgin Coşkun, Bircan Kayaaslan, İmran Hasanoğlu, Ayşe Kaya Kalem, Fatma Eser, Yeşim Aybar Bilir, Serpil Ünlü, Rahmet Güner Introduction The most important and undesirable consequence of inappropriate antibiotic use is the spread of antibiotic resistance, increased adverse effects, increased mortality and healthcare costs. We aimed to assess antibiotic usage characteristics in inpatient setting in our center. Materials and methods A one-day, single center point-prevalence study was carried out on June 9th 2021, in Ankara City Hospital in Turkey. Data of antibiotic consumption, appropriateness of usage and predictors of inappropriate use in adult patients were evaluated. Results Out of 2640 adult patients, 893 (33.8%) were receiving at least one antibiotic. A total of 1212 antibiotic prescriptions with an average of 1.44±0.64 were found. Antibiotics were most commonly used for therapeutic purpose (84.7%), followed by surgical prophylaxis (11.6%). Majority of therapeutically used antibiotics were empirical (67.9%). Infectious diseases consultation was present in 68.3% with a compliance rate of 95.7%. Rate of inappropriate use was 20%. The most frequent cause of inappropriateness was unnecessary use (52.5%). Most commonly and most inappropriately used antibiotics were carbapenems (17.5%) and first generation cephalosporins (38.7%), respectively. Most of the inappropriateness observed in first-generation cephalosporins was due to inappropriate longer surgical prophylaxis. While age is an independent risk factor for inappropriate antibiotic use (p = 0.042), COVID-19 unit admission, use for therapeutic purpose and infectious diseases consultation were protective factors (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Adriane S. Reis, Laurita dos Santos, Américo Cunha Jr, Thaís C.R.O. Konstantyner, Elbert E.N. Macau
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Ruth McCabe, Gabriel Danelian, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths, Christl A. Donnelly
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJ. Sunil Rao, Tianhao Liu, Daniel Andrés Díaz-Pachón
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
by J. Sunil Rao, Tianhao Liu, Daniel Andrés Díaz-Pachón We argue that information from countries who had earlier COVID-19 surges can be used to inform another country’s current model, then generating what we call back-to-the-future (BTF) projections. We show that these projections can be used to accurately predict future COVID-19 surges prior to an inflection point of the daily infection curve. We show, across 12 different countries from all populated continents around the world, that our method can often predict future surges in scenarios where the traditional approaches would always predict no future surges. However, as expected, BTF projections cannot accurately predict a surge due to the emergence of a new variant. To generate BTF projections, we make use of a matching scheme for asynchronous time series combined with a response coaching SIR model.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWang Xiang, Zezhi Wang, Xin Pan, Xiaobing Liu, Xuedong Yan, Li Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
by Wang Xiang, Zezhi Wang, Xin Pan, Xiaobing Liu, Xuedong Yan, Li Chen Selecting an appropriate intensity of epidemic prevention and control measures is of vital significance to promoting the two-way dynamic coordination of epidemic prevention and control and economic development. In order to balance epidemic control and economic development and suggest scientific and reasonable traffic control measures, this paper proposes a SEIQR model considering population migration and the propagation characteristics of the exposed and the asymptomatic, based on the data of COVID-19 cases, Baidu Migration, and the tourist economy. Further, the factor traffic control intensity is included in the model. After determining the functional relationship between the control intensity and the number of tourists and the cumulative number of confirmed cases, the NSGA-II algorithm is employed to perform multi-objective optimization with consideration of the requirements for epidemic prevention and control and for economic development to get an appropriate traffic control intensity and suggest scientific traffic control measures. With Xi’an City as an example. The results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted data of this improved model and the actual data is 0.996, the R-square in the regression analysis is 0.993, with a significance level of below 0.001, suggesting that the predicted data of the model are more accurate. With the continuous rise of traffic control intensity in different simulation scenarios, the cumulative number of cases decreases by a significant amplitude. While balancing the requirements for epidemic prevention and control and for tourist economy development, the model works out the control intensity to be 0.68, under which some traffic control measures are suggested. The model presented in this paper can be used to analyze the impacts of different traffic control intensities on epidemic transmission. The research results in this paper reveal the traffic control measures balancing the requirements for epidemic prevention and control and for economic development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephan Gehring, Frank Kowalzik, Omar Okasha, Tobias Engelmann, Daniel Schreiner, Christian Jensen, Aline Mähringer-Kunz, Wendy Hartig-Merkel, Thao Mai Phuong Tran, Cornelia Oostvogels, Thomas Verstraeten
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
by Stephan Gehring, Frank Kowalzik, Omar Okasha, Tobias Engelmann, Daniel Schreiner, Christian Jensen, Aline Mähringer-Kunz, Wendy Hartig-Merkel, Thao Mai Phuong Tran, Cornelia Oostvogels, Thomas Verstraeten We assessed the seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before and during the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, in a prospective observational cohort study on healthcare workers (HCWs) in a large tertiary hospital in Mainz, Germany. Antibody status was assessed during six visits between September 2020 and February 2022. Self-reported symptoms were collected using a smartphone application; symptomatic HCWs were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for SARS-CoV-2. Rates of virologically confirmed and severe COVID-19 were estimated using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) case definitions, respectively, and were contrasted to background community transmission and circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. A total of 3665 HCWs were enrolled (mean follow-up time: 18 months); 97 met the FDA definition of virologically confirmed COVID-19 (incidence rate (IR) 2.3/1000 person-months (PMs), one severe case). Most cases reported ≥2 symptoms, commonly, cough and anosmia or ageusia. Overall, 263 individuals seroconverted (IR 6.6/1000 PMs—2.9 times the estimated IR of COVID-19), indicating many cases were missed, either due to asymptomatic infections or to an atypical presentation of symptoms. A triphasic trend in anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroconversion was observed, with an initial increase following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, a two-fold decline six months later, and finally a six-fold increase by the end of the study when Omicron was the dominant circulating variant. Despite the increase in infection rates at the end of the study due to the circulation of the Omicron variant, the infection and disease rates observed were lower than the published estimates in HCWs and rates in the general local population. Preferential vaccination of HCWs and the strict monitoring program for SARS-CoV-2 infection are the most likely reasons for the successful control of COVID-19 in this high-risk population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHui YangXin YuWenjing HouXiangduan LiuJiaojiao ChenYing ZhangYing WangYing ZhuQing QianKuifen MaZhuoling An1Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China2National Alliance of Transplant Pharmacists, Zhejiang, China3Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China4Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China5Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Clinical College of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, China6Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China7The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China8Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
Milena Silva Souza, Jéssica Pires Farias, Robert Andreata‐Santos, Marianne Pereira Silva, Ruth Dálety da Silva Brito, Marcia Duarte Barbosa da Silva, Cristina Mendes Peter, Marcus Vinícius de França Cirilo, Wilson Barros Luiz, Alexander Birbrair, Paloma Oliveira Vidal, Maria Fernanda de Castro‐Amarante, Erika Donizetti Candido, Aldilene Silva Munhoz, Fernanda de Mello Malta, Erik Gustavo Dorlass, Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Edison Luiz Durigon, Juliana Terzi Maricato, Carla Torres Braconi, Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira, Luiz Mário Ramos Janini, Jaime Henrique Amorim
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
Abstract Background Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines have been implemented worldwide since the booster vaccination campaigns of autumn of 2022, but little is known about their effectiveness. Thus, this study holistically evaluated the effectiveness of bivalent vaccines against infection in older adults in Japan. Methods We adopted the test-negative design using COVID-19 test data of individuals, aged ≥ 65 years, residing in three municipalities in Japan, who underwent tests in medical institutions between October 1 and December 30, 2022. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of testing positive according to vaccination status. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as (1 − odds ratio) × 100%. Results A total of 3,908 positive and 16,090 negative results were included in the analyses. Receiving a bivalent dose in addition to ≥ 2 monovalent doses was 33.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.8, 44.3%) more effective than receiving no vaccination, and 18.2% (95% CI: 9.4, 26.0%) more effective than receiving ≥ 2 monovalent doses but not receiving a bivalent vaccination. In addition, the effectiveness peaked at 14–20 days after administration and then gradually declined over time. Furthermore, a bivalent booster dose provided 18.6% (95% CI: 9.9, 26.5%) additional protection among those vaccinated with ≥ 2 monovalent doses, in the absence of a previous infection history. However, we did not find sufficient evidence of effectiveness of bivalent vaccines among previously infected older adults. Conclusions Bivalent vaccines are effective against COVID-19 infections among older adults without a history of infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnthony K. Nkyi, Bridgette Baaba
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
by Anthony K. Nkyi, Bridgette Baaba The aim of this study is to investigate coping strategies, health anxiety and stress among healthcare professionals in selected hospitals in the Cape Coast Metropolis during the Covid 19 pandemic. This study adopted the Descriptive survey design. The Multistage sampling technique was used to select 322 health professionals. The health professionals included Medical Officers, Physician Assistants and Nurses. Data were gathered using the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-SF), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Brief-COPE Inventory. Analyses were conducted using mean and standard deviation, ANOVA as well as Independent Samples t-test. Results indicate that Health professionals adopted diverse coping strategies ranging from positive to negative coping style to overcome the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results also indicate that coping strategies significantly influenced health anxiety levels of health professionals, and that Active Coping is a significant determinant of stress among health professionals. Male health professionals had significantly more health anxiety than females. However, gender was not a significant factor in the experiences of stress. Lastly, age of health professionals does not determine the type of coping strategy they adopted during the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohak Gupta, Giridara G. Parameswaran, Manraj S. Sra, Rishika Mohanta, Devarsh Patel, Amulya Gupta, Bhavik Bansal, Vardhmaan Jain, Archisman Mazumder, Mehak Arora, Nishant Aggarwal, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jawaid Akhtar, Pankaj Pandey, Vasanthapuram Ravi, Giridhara R Babu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
by Mohak Gupta, Giridara G. Parameswaran, Manraj S. Sra, Rishika Mohanta, Devarsh Patel, Amulya Gupta, Bhavik Bansal, Vardhmaan Jain, Archisman Mazumder, Mehak Arora, Nishant Aggarwal, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jawaid Akhtar, Pankaj Pandey, Vasanthapuram Ravi, Giridhara R Babu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaruka Shida, Maki Komamine, Kazuhiro Kajiyama, Takashi Waki, Hotaka Maruyama, Yoshiaki Uyama
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
by Haruka Shida, Maki Komamine, Kazuhiro Kajiyama, Takashi Waki, Hotaka Maruyama, Yoshiaki Uyama Objective Prescription trends and patterns of anti-COVID-19 drugs in hospitalized patients were examined based on real world data to understand the use of anti-COVID-19 drugs in clinical practice in Japan. Design The longitudinal and cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 of the MID-NET® medical information database, which stored the electronic medical records, administrative claim data, and diagnosis procedure combination data of patients in Japan. Participants Hospitalized patients with a COVID-19-related diagnosis who received at least one anti-COVID-19 drug between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Exposures The following 14 drugs were included in this study: remdesivir, baricitinib, combination product of casirivimab and imdevimab, favipiravir, dexamethasone, ivermectin, azithromycin, nafamostat mesylate, camostat mesylate, ciclesonide, tocilizumab, sarilumab, combination product of lopinavir and ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine. Results We identified 5,717 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and prescribed at least one anti-COVID-19 drug. The entire cohort generally included patients over 41–50 years and more males. The most common prescription pattern was dexamethasone monotherapy (22.9%), followed by the concomitant use of remdesivir and dexamethasone (15.0%), azithromycin monotherapy (15.0%), remdesivir monotherapy (10.2%), and nafamostat mesylate monotherapy (8.5%). However, an often prescribed anti-COVID-19 drug differed depending on the period. Conclusions and relevance This study revealed the real-world situation of anti-COVID-19 drug prescriptions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan. A prescribed drug would depend on the latest scientific evidence, such as efficacy, safety, and approval status, at the time of prescription. Understanding the prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs will be important for providing the most up-to-date treatments to patients and evaluating the benefit and/or risk of anti-COVID-19 drugs based on the utilization of an electronic medical record database.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTristan A. Moxley, Jennifer Johnson-Leung, Erich Seamon, Christopher Williams, Benjamin J. Ridenhour
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
by Tristan A. Moxley, Jennifer Johnson-Leung, Erich Seamon, Christopher Williams, Benjamin J. Ridenhour Objectives COVID-19 has been at the forefront of global concern since its emergence in December of 2019. Determining the social factors that drive case incidence is paramount to mitigating disease spread. We gathered data from the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) along with Democratic voting percentage to attempt to understand which county-level sociodemographic metrics had a significant correlation with case rate for COVID-19. Methods We used elastic net regression due to issues with variable collinearity and model overfitting. Our modelling framework included using the ten Health and Human Services regions as submodels for the two time periods 22 March 2020 to 15 June 2021 (prior to the Delta time period) and 15 June 2021 to 1 November 2021 (the Delta time period). Results Statistically, elastic net improved prediction when compared to multiple regression, as almost every HHS model consistently had a lower root mean square error (RMSE) and satisfactory R2 coefficients. These analyses show that the percentage of minorities, disabled individuals, individuals living in group quarters, and individuals who voted Democratic correlated significantly with COVID-19 attack rate as determined by Variable Importance Plots (VIPs). Conclusions The percentage of minorities per county correlated positively with cases in the earlier time period and negatively in the later time period, which complements previous research. In contrast, higher percentages of disabled individuals per county correlated negatively in the earlier time period. Counties with an above average percentage of group quarters experienced a high attack rate early which then diminished in significance after the primary vaccine rollout. Higher Democratic voting consistently correlated negatively with cases, coinciding with previous findings regarding a partisan divide in COVID-19 cases at the county level. Our findings can assist regional policymakers in distributing resources to more vulnerable counties in future pandemics based on SVI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought diagnostics into the spotlight in an unprecedented way not only for case management but also for population health, surveillance, and monitoring. The industry saw notable levels of investment and accelerated research which sparked a wave of innovation. Simple non-invasive sampling methods such as nasal swabs have become widely used in settings ranging from tertiary hospitals to the community. Self-testing has also been adopted as standard practice using not only conventional lateral flow tests but novel and affordable point-of-care molecular diagnostics. The use of new technologies, including artificial intelligence-based diagnostics, have rapidly expanded in the clinical setting. The capacity for next-generation sequencing and acceptance of digital health has significantly increased. However, 4 years after the pandemic started, the market for SARS-CoV-2 tests is saturated, and developers may benefit from leveraging their innovations for other diseases; tuberculosis (TB) is a worthwhile portfolio expansion for diagnostics developers given the extremely high disease burden, supportive environment from not-for-profit initiatives and governments, and the urgent need to overcome the long-standing dearth of innovation in the TB diagnostics field. In exchange, the current challenges in TB detection may be resolved by adopting enhanced swab-based molecular methods, instrument-based, higher sensitivity antigen detection technologies, and/or artificial intelligence-based digital health technologies developed for COVID-19. The aim of this article is to review how such innovative approaches for COVID-19 diagnosis can be applied to TB to have a comparable impact.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
Abstract Purpose In this pilot study, we investigated the cardiac autonomic activity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected hospitalized patients. COVID-19 is characterized by cough, fever, and dyspnea, which in some severe cases can lead to hypoxia, respiratory failure, and shock. Since breathing disorders and pulmonary diseases are tightly linked to autonomic dysfunction, we analyzed the cardiac autonomic activity by measuring the deceleration capacity (DC) in COVID-19 patients. Methods In 14 adults (4 men and 10 women) with a median age of 63.5 years and positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with severe symptoms requiring hospital treatment, a high-resolution digital 30 min electrocardiogram (ECG) in Frank leads configuration was performed in a resting supine position within the first 48 h after hospital admission. DC was assessed using validated software and associated with several markers of inflammation and clinical course. Results The study revealed a significant association between reduced DC (≤ 2.5 ms) and older age (74 years) in COVID-19 patients, compared to those with a higher DC > 2.5 ms (56.5 years). However, the duration of hospitalization was similar for both groups. There was a nonsignificant trend towards a higher maximum viral load in patients with reduced DC. Further, patients with a DC ≤ 2.5 ms showed higher levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), as well as leukocytosis, compared to patients with a DC > 2.5 ms. Also, the COVID-19-severity marker ferritin was significantly elevated in patients with lower DC. Other markers associated with COVID-19, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), exhibited comparable levels in both groups. Conclusions Reduced DC (≤ 2.5 ms) was significantly associated with older age, increased inflammatory markers, and elevated ferritin in patients with COVID-19. These findings suggest that DC might serve as a valuable indicator for predicting the risk of severe inflammation in COVID-19 and possibly complications associated with this disease, such as heart failure. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and clarify the clinical significance of DC in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGarnacho-Montero, José; Gordillo-Escobar, Elena; Trenado, Josep; Gordo, Federico; Fisac, Lourdes; García-Prieto, Emilio; López-Martin, Cristina; Abella, Ana; Jiménez, Juan Ramón; García-Garmendia, José Luis; and the Intubation Prospective (INTUPROS) Study Investigators.
Critical Care Medicine, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
Objectives: Our aims were to explore current intubation practices in Spanish ICUs to determine the incidence and risk factors of peri-intubation complications (primary outcome measure: major adverse events), the rate and factors associated with first-pass success, and their impact on mortality as well as the changes of the intubation procedure observed in the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Prospective, observational, and cohort study. Setting: Forty-three Spanish ICU. Patients: A total of 1837 critically ill adult patients undergoing tracheal intubation. The enrollment period was six months (selected by each center from April 16, 2019, to October 31, 2020). Interventions: None. Measurement and Main Results : At least one major adverse peri-intubation event occurred in 40.4 % of the patients (973 major adverse events were registered) the most frequent being hemodynamic instability (26.5%) and severe hypoxemia (20.3%). The multivariate analysis identified seven variables independently associated with a major adverse event whereas the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) was associated with reduced odds of major adverse events. Intubation on the first attempt was achieved in 70.8% of the patients. The use of videolaryngoscopy at the first attempt was the only protective factor (odds ratio 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.66; p < 0.001) for first-attempt intubation failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of videolaryngoscopy and NMBAs increased significantly. The occurrence of a major peri-intubation event was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality. Cardiovascular collapse also posed a serious threat, constituting an independent predictor of death. Conclusions: A major adverse event occurred in up to 40% of the adults intubated in the ICU. Peri-intubation hemodynamic instability but not severe hypoxemia was identified as an independent predictor of death. The use of NMBAs was a protective factor for major adverse events, whereas the use of videolaringoscopy increases the first-pass success rate of intubation. Intubation practices changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLorenz, Marco; Baum, Felix; Kloss, Philipp; Langer, Nadine; Arsene, Vanessa; Warner, Linus; Panelli, Alessandro; Hartmann, Frederike V.; Fuest, Kristina; Grunow, Julius J.; Enghard, Philipp; Schaller, Stefan J.
Critical Care Medicine, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global healthcare systems, particularly in managing critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. This study aims to assess the feasibility of robotic-assisted mobilization in COVID-19 patients. Design: Randomized controlled pilot study. Setting: Four COVID-19 specialized ICUs at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (March 2021 to February 2022). Patients: Twenty critically ill COVID-19 patients expected to require greater than 24 hours of ventilation. Interventions: A 5-day intervention phase with bid robotic-assisted mobilization greater than or equal to 20 minutes and follow-up at day 180, compared with standard care. Measurements and Main Results: Intervention sessions were conducted in 98.9% according to protocol, with one session missing due to staff shortage. Primary outcome was the mobilization level measured with the ICU Mobility Scale (IMS) and Surgical ICU Optimal Mobilization Score (SOMS), assessed until day 5 or extubation. Safety events were recorded during mobilization. The median IMS and SOMS were 0 (0–0.16) and 1 (1–1.03) in the intervention group, and 0 (0–0.15) (p = 0.77) and 0.8 (0.65–1.20) (p = 0.08) in the standard care group, respectively. Significant secondary outcomes included average number of mobilization sessions (intervention: 8.5 [7.75–10] vs. standard care: 4.5 [3.5–5]; p = 0.001), total mobilization time (intervention: 232.5 min [187.25–266.5 min] vs. standard care: 147.5 min [107.5–167.5 min]; p = 0.011), and healthcare providers per session (intervention: 2 [2–2] vs. standard care: 1 [1–1.4]; p = 0.001) during intervention. Four safety events (hypertension and agitation, n = 2 each) in the intervention group and none in the standard care group were reported. Conclusions: Robotic-assisted mobilization in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients appears to be safe and feasible.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Abstract Objective To characterize lung function dynamics in individuals with mild COVID-19 from pre-infection to two years post-infection.Methods We re-invited participants two years after infection from our matched cohort study of the Copenhagen General Population who had initially been examined 5.4 months after infection. We repeated lung tests and questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to estimate lung volume changes in individuals with COVID-19 patients versus uninfected controls over two intervals: from pre-infection to six months post-infection and six months post-infection to two years post-infection.Results 52 individuals (48.6%) attended the two-year examination at median 1.9 years (IQR 1.8; 2.4) after COVID-19, all with mild infection. Individuals with COVID-19 had an adjusted excess decline in FEV1 of 13.0 mL per year (CI 23.5; 2.5), p=0.02 from prior infection to 6 months after infection compared to uninfected controls. From 6 to 24 months after infection, they had an excess decline of 7.5 mL per year (CI 25.6; 9.6), p=0.40. A similar pattern was observed for FVC. Participants had a mean increase in DLco of 3.33 (SD 7.97) between the 6- and 24-month examination.Conclusion Our results indicate that mild COVID-19 infection affects lung function at time of infection with limited recovery two years after infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLukas Engelmann
Lancet, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Medicine has many ways to describe microbial anxiety, such as bacillophobia, mysophobia, and nosophobia. Not least since COVID-19, fear of infection has joined a chorus of fears that define the contemporary human condition, including fear of ecological catastrophe or even of civilisation\'s downfall. Indeed, the number and scale of sprawling existential fears gives a good sense of what it might mean to speak of polycrisis. Yet overcoming fear might not be the way out. Concern about infection is a reasonable fear to structure behaviour in pandemic times, just as the fear of climate change deserves to galvanise political momentum.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChris Wortley
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
In The public health approach: population thinking from the Black Death to COVID-19, distinguished physician and epidemiologist Alfredo Morabia, advocates eloquently for what he terms a public health approach. Citing the 200 million Americans who were vaccinated at least once during the USA\'s COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the rarity of harmful effects from the vaccines, Morabia describes the response, despite its “insufficient aspects”, as a historical success for public health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhoebe Ashley-Norman
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Masking was one of the most visible and prominent features of COVID-19. People who had never seen a facemask before started wearing them daily to curb the spread of the virus. In the recently published book, Social and ethical issues of global pandemics: a southern African perspective, edited by Masake Pilisano Harris and Richard Obinna Iroanya, the authors describe how COVID-19 simultaneously brought about an unmasking of the “weaknesses inherent in […] healthcare and social security systems”. By considering the interactions between the pandemic and various aspects of society, such as the justice system, the military, refugee communities, and the education sector, the book explores how COVID-19 exposed fractures in southern African societies and presents the lessons that can be learned from this experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQihong YanYudi ZhangRuitian HouWenjing PanHuan LiangXijie GaoWeiqi DengXiaohan HuangLinbing QuCongli TangPing HeBanghui LiuQian WangXinwei ZhaoZihan LinZhaoming ChenPingchao LiJian HanXiaoli XiongJincun ZhaoSong LiXuefeng NiuLing Chena State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangzhou Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of Chinae University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag Nanjing ARP Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinah iRepertoire Inc., Huntsville, AL, USAi Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Vytenis Kalibatas, Lina Kalibatienė, Dulat Imashpayev
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
by Vytenis Kalibatas, Lina Kalibatienė, Dulat Imashpayev The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected blood donors worldwide. It is important for the blood service to return to its pre-pandemic level as soon as possible and to perform its functions fully. This study compared the donation and demographic profiles of blood and its component donors one year before and during three pandemic years in Lithuania. All blood and blood component donations (n = 413,358) and demographic characteristics of all donors from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2023, were analyzed. All data were obtained from annual publications, and statistics were obtained from the Blood Donor Register. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Following a 9.41 percent decrease in the first year of the pandemic, the quantity of blood and blood component donations increased by 3.49 percent in the third year compared to the pre-pandemic year. Throughout the three years of the pandemic, a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of first-time blood and blood component donations was observed. Both the number and proportion of donations by donors under 25 years old decreased during the pandemic. The proportion of pre-donation deferrals for all attempts to donate significantly decreased during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant lower prevalence of all positive transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) markers among all donations compared to the pre-pandemic year for all three pandemic years. The odds for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and all TTI markers during the second and third pandemic years were significantly lower than those in the pre-pandemic year. In conclusion, most dimensions of blood and its component donations and donor characteristics have returned to pre-pandemic levels or show positive trends. However, the major concern is the remaining decrease in donations from first-time and donors under 25 years old.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought diagnostics into the spotlight in an unprecedented way not only for case management but also for population health, surveillance, and monitoring. The industry saw notable levels of investment and accelerated research which sparked a wave of innovation. Simple non-invasive sampling methods such as nasal swabs have become widely used in settings ranging from tertiary hospitals to the community. Self-testing has also been adopted as standard practice using not only conventional lateral flow tests but novel and affordable point-of-care molecular diagnostics. The use of new technologies, including artificial intelligence-based diagnostics, have rapidly expanded in the clinical setting. The capacity for next-generation sequencing and acceptance of digital health has significantly increased. However, 4 years after the pandemic started, the market for SARS-CoV-2 tests is saturated, and developers may benefit from leveraging their innovations for other diseases; tuberculosis (TB) is a worthwhile portfolio expansion for diagnostics developers given the extremely high disease burden, supportive environment from not-for-profit initiatives and governments, and the urgent need to overcome the long-standing dearth of innovation in the TB diagnostics field. In exchange, the current challenges in TB detection may be resolved by adopting enhanced swab-based molecular methods, instrument-based, higher sensitivity antigen detection technologies, and/or artificial intelligence-based digital health technologies developed for COVID-19. The aim of this article is to review how such innovative approaches for COVID-19 diagnosis can be applied to TB to have a comparable impact.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Abstract Purpose In this pilot study, we investigated the cardiac autonomic activity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected hospitalized patients. COVID-19 is characterized by cough, fever, and dyspnea, which in some severe cases can lead to hypoxia, respiratory failure, and shock. Since breathing disorders and pulmonary diseases are tightly linked to autonomic dysfunction, we analyzed the cardiac autonomic activity by measuring the deceleration capacity (DC) in COVID-19 patients. Methods In 14 adults (4 men and 10 women) with a median age of 63.5 years and positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with severe symptoms requiring hospital treatment, a high-resolution digital 30 min electrocardiogram (ECG) in Frank leads configuration was performed in a resting supine position within the first 48 h after hospital admission. DC was assessed using validated software and associated with several markers of inflammation and clinical course. Results The study revealed a significant association between reduced DC (≤ 2.5 ms) and older age (74 years) in COVID-19 patients, compared to those with a higher DC > 2.5 ms (56.5 years). However, the duration of hospitalization was similar for both groups. There was a nonsignificant trend towards a higher maximum viral load in patients with reduced DC. Further, patients with a DC ≤ 2.5 ms showed higher levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), as well as leukocytosis, compared to patients with a DC > 2.5 ms. Also, the COVID-19-severity marker ferritin was significantly elevated in patients with lower DC. Other markers associated with COVID-19, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), exhibited comparable levels in both groups. Conclusions Reduced DC (≤ 2.5 ms) was significantly associated with older age, increased inflammatory markers, and elevated ferritin in patients with COVID-19. These findings suggest that DC might serve as a valuable indicator for predicting the risk of severe inflammation in COVID-19 and possibly complications associated with this disease, such as heart failure. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and clarify the clinical significance of DC in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA. Jantine VAN VOORDEN, Christianne J.M. DE GROOT, Carrie RIS-STALPERS, Gijs B. AFINK, Elisabeth VAN LEEUWEN
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
The safety of vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy continues to be a topic of concern. Pregnant women are still hesitant to undergo COVID-19 vaccination out of fear for short and long-term complications for their offspring. However, pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 have been more at risk of intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation than age-matched non-pregnant women in previous outbreaks [1,2], emphasizing the importance of vaccination in these women.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 4, Page 384-386, January 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIván Ochoa-Moreno, Ravita Taheem, Kathryn Woods-Townsend, Debbie Chase, Keith M. Godfrey, Neena Modi, Mark Hanson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
by Iván Ochoa-Moreno, Ravita Taheem, Kathryn Woods-Townsend, Debbie Chase, Keith M. Godfrey, Neena Modi, Mark Hanson Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity in young children rose sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we estimate the potential future health and economic effects of these trends in England. Methods Using publicly available annual Body Mass Index (BMI) data from 2006–2022, we calculated the increase in overweight/obesity prevalence (BMI ≥85th reference percentile) during the COVID-19 pandemic among children aged 4–5 and 10–11, and variation by deprivation and ethnicity. We projected the impact of child BMI trends on adult health measures to estimate added lifelong medical and social costs. Results During 2020–2021 there were steep increases in overweight and obesity prevalence in children. By 2022, overweight and obesity prevalence in children aged 4–5 returned to expected levels based on pre-pandemic trends. However, overweight and obesity prevalence in children aged 10–11 persisted and was 4 percentage points (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Abstract Purpose We aimed to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant pandemic and to reveal the risk factors for CAPA and death. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 168 CAPA patients from December 8, 2022 to January 31, 2023. 168 COVID-19 patients without secondary fungal infection during this period were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching as controls. Results The incidence of CAPA was 3.8% (168/4421). Compared with patients without fungal infection, CAPA patients had a higher mortality (43.5% vs. 10.1%, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Abstract Background An increase in patients with multidrug-resistant organisms and associated outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported in various settings, including low-endemic settings. Here, we report three distinct carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) outbreaks in five intensive care units of a university hospital in Berlin, Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A case-control study was conducted with the objective of identifying risk factors for CRAB acquisition in outbreak situations. Data utilized for the case-control study came from the investigation of three separate CRAB outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic (August 2020– March 2021). Cases were defined as outbreak patients with hospital-acquired CRAB. Controls did not have any CRAB positive microbiological findings and were hospitalized at the same ward and for a similar duration as the respective case. Control patients were matched retrospectively in a 2:1 ratio. Parameters routinely collected in the context of outbreak management and data obtained retrospectively specifically for the case-control study were included in the analysis. To analyze risk factors for CRAB acquisition, univariable and multivariable analyses to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed using a conditional logistic regression model. Results The outbreaks contained 26 cases with hospital-acquired CRAB in five different intensive care units. Two exposures were identified to be independent risk factors for nosocomial CRAB acquisition by the multivariable regression analysis: Sharing a patient room with a CRAB patient before availability of the microbiological result was associated with a more than tenfold increase in the risk of nosocomial CRAB acquisition (OR: 10.7, CI: 2.3–50.9), while undergoing bronchoscopy increased the risk more than six times (OR: 6.9, CI: 1.3–38.1). Conclusions The risk factors identified, sharing a patient room with a CRAB patient and undergoing bronchoscopy, could point to an underperformance of basic infection control measure, particularly hand hygiene compliance and handling of medical devices. Both findings reinforce the need for continued promotion of infection control measures. Given that the outbreaks occurred in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, our study serves as a reminder that a heightened focus on airborne precautions should not lead to a neglect of other transmission-based precautions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the frequency, duration and patterns of long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and to analyse risk factors for long-lasting COVID-19 sequelae among a cohort of hospital employees (HEs). Methods We conducted a survey regarding persistent COVID-19 related symptoms with all HEs from three medical centres in Cologne, Germany, who were tested SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive from March 2020 until May 2021. Duration of symptoms and possible risk factors for protracted COVID-19 course were analysed. Results Of 221 included HEs, a number of 104 HEs (47.1%) reported at least one persisting symptom for more than 90 days after initial SARS-CoV-2 detection. Each one cycle higher initial Ct value significantly increased the chances of overcoming symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.01–1.09; p = 0.019). The occurrence of breathlessness within the first ten days (OR 7.89; 95%CI 1.87–41.43; p = 0.008), an initial Ct value under 30 (OR 3.36; 95%CI 1.22–9.94; p = 0.022) as well as the occurrence of anosmia or ageusia within the first ten days (OR 3.01; 95%CI 1.10–8.84; p = 0.037) showed a statistically significant association with increased odds of illness duration over 90 days. Conclusion About half of the HEs suffered from long lasting symptoms over 90 days after almost entirely mild acute COVID-19. Predictive factors could possibly be used for early treatment to prevent development of long-term symptoms after COVID-19 in future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Abstract Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic occurred due to the dispersion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Severe symptoms can be observed in COVID-19 patients with lipid-related comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. Yet, the extensive molecular mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 causes dysregulation of lipid metabolism remain unknown. Methods Here, an advanced search of articles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science databases using terms from Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) like SARS-CoV-2, lipid metabolism and transcriptomic as the keywords. From 428 retrieved studies, only clinical studies using next-generation sequencing as a gene expression method in COVID-19 patients were accepted. Study design, study population, sample type, the method for gene expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from the five included studies. The DEGs obtained from the studies were pooled and analyzed using the bioinformatics software package, DAVID, to determine the enriched pathways. The DEGs involved in lipid metabolic pathways were selected and further analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape through visualization by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network complex. Results The analysis identified nine remarkable clusters from the PPI complex, where cluster 1 showed the highest molecular interaction score. Three potential candidate genes (PPARG, IFITM3 and APOBEC3G) were pointed out from the integrated bioinformatics analysis in this systematic review and were chosen due to their significant role in regulating lipid metabolism. These candidate genes were significantly involved in enriched lipid metabolic pathways, mainly in regulating lipid homeostasis affecting the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, specifically in mechanisms of viral entry and viral replication in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Taken together, our findings in this systematic review highlight the affected lipid-metabolic pathways along with the affected genes upon SARS-CoV-2 invasion, which could be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies study in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohn E. Moore, Beverley C. Millar
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is 13th leading cause of death globally and the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS).1 In 2021, it is estimated that 10.6 million people worldwide developed TB, including six million men, 3.4 million women and 1.2 million children, and in that year, approximately 1.6 million people died from TB, including 187 000 people with HIV.1
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYanhong Sun, Jianming Zhou, Wenjian Nie, Dandan Tian, Qing Ye
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
Manuel Leitner, Gloria Pötz, Martin Berger, Maria Fellner, Stephan Spat, Marisa Koini
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
by Manuel Leitner, Gloria Pötz, Martin Berger, Maria Fellner, Stephan Spat, Marisa Koini Background COVID-19 infection and its associated consequence, known as long-COVID, lead to a significant burden on the global healthcare system and limitations in people’s personal and work lives. This study aims to provide further insight into the impact of acute and ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and investigates the role of patients’ gender and vaccination status. Methods 416 individuals (73.9% female) between the ages of 16 and 80 years (M = 44.18, SD = 12.90) with self-reported symptoms of long-COVID participated in an online survey conducted between March and May 2022. Results 6.0%, 74.3%, and 19.7% of all respondents reported having had an asymptomatic, mild, or severe acute illness, respectively. Out of all participants, 7.8% required hospitalization. The most prevalent symptoms during the acute infection (Mdn = 23.50 symptoms, IQR = 13–39) included fatigue, exhaustion, cough, brain fog, and memory problems. The median long-COVID disease duration was 12.10 months (IQR = 2.8–17.4). Among 64 inquired long-COVID symptoms (Mdn = 17.00 symptoms, IQR = 9–27), participants reported fatigue, exhaustion, memory problems, brain fog, and dyspnea as the most common ongoing symptoms, which were generally experienced as fluctuating and deteriorating after physical or cognitive activity. Common consequences of long-COVID included financial losses (40.5%), changes in the participants’ profession (41.0%), stress resistance (87.5%), sexual life (38.1%), and mood (72.1%), as well as breathing difficulties (41.3%), or an increased drug intake (e.g., medicine, alcohol; 44.6%). In addition, vaccinated individuals exhibited a shorter acute illness duration and an earlier onset of long-COVID symptoms. In general, women reported more long-COVID symptoms than men. Conclusion Long-COVID represents a heterogeneous disease and impacts multiple life aspects of those affected. Tailored rehabilitation programs targeting the plurality of physical and mental symptoms are needed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThanin Methiyothin, Insung Ahn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
by Thanin Methiyothin, Insung Ahn The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably impacted public health, including the transmission patterns of other respiratory pathogens, such as the 2009 pandemic influenza (H1N1). COVID-19 and influenza are both respiratory infections that started with a lack of vaccination-based immunity in the population. However, vaccinations have been administered over time, resulting in a transition of the status of both diseases from a pandemic to an endemic. In this study, unsupervised clustering techniques were used to identify clusters of disease trends in Thailand. The analysis incorporated three distinct surveillance datasets: the pandemic influenza outbreak, influenza in the endemic stage, and the early stages of COVID-19. The analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the distribution of provinces between Cluster -1, representing those with unique transmission patterns, and the other clusters, indicating provinces with similar transmission patterns among their members. Specifically, for Pandemic Influenza, the ratio was 61:16, while for Pandemic COVID-19, it was 65:12. In contrast, Endemic Influenza exhibited a ratio of 46:31, with a notable emergence of more clustered provinces in the southern, western, and central regions. Furthermore, a pair of provinces with highly similar spreading patterns were identified during the pandemic stages of both influenza and COVID-19. Although the similarity decreased slightly for endemic influenza, they still belonged to the same cluster. Our objective was to identify the transmission patterns of influenza and COVID-19, with the aim of providing quantitative and spatial information to aid public health management in preparing for future pandemics or transitioning into an endemic phase.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang Wang, Muhui Ye, Fengwei Zhang, Zachary Thomas Freeman, Hong Yu, Xianwei Ye, Yongqun He
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
by Yang Wang, Muhui Ye, Fengwei Zhang, Zachary Thomas Freeman, Hong Yu, Xianwei Ye, Yongqun He To fully understand COVID-19, it is critical to study all possible hosts of SARS-CoV-2 (the pathogen of COVID-19). In this work, we collected, annotated, and performed ontology-based taxonomical analysis of all the reported and verified hosts for all human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1. A total of 37 natural hosts and 19 laboratory animal hosts of human coronaviruses were identified based on experimental evidence. Our analysis found that all the verified susceptible natural and laboratory animals belong to therian mammals. Specifically, these 37 natural therian hosts include one wildlife marsupial mammal (i.e., Virginia opossum) and 36 Eutheria mammals (a.k.a. placental mammals). The 19 laboratory animal hosts are also classified as therian mammals. The mouse models with genetically modified human ACE2 or DPP4 were more susceptible to virulent human coronaviruses with clear symptoms, suggesting the critical role of ACE2 and DPP4 to coronavirus virulence. Coronaviruses became more virulent and adaptive in the mouse hosts after a series of viral passages in the mice, providing clue to the possible coronavirus origination. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market animals identified early in the COVID-19 outbreak were also systematically analyzed as possible COVID-19 hosts. To support knowledge standardization and query, the annotated host knowledge was modeled and represented in the Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO). Based on our and others’ findings, we further propose a MOVIE model (i.e., Multiple-Organism viral Variations and Immune Evasion) to address how viral variations in therian animal hosts and the host immune evasion might have led to dynamic COVID-19 pandemic outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRomanus A. Osabohien, Amar Hisham Jaaffar, Joshua Ibrahim, Ojonugwa Usman, Amechi E. Igharo, Adeleke Abdulrahman Oyekanmi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
by Romanus A. Osabohien, Amar Hisham Jaaffar, Joshua Ibrahim, Ojonugwa Usman, Amechi E. Igharo, Adeleke Abdulrahman Oyekanmi Africa has been known to experience series of problems among which are poverty, food insecurity, lack of access to energy, lack of infrastructure among others. These problems were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a severe impact on the socioeconomic status of households in Africa. This paper examines the relationship between socioeconomic shocks, social protection, and household food security during the pandemic in Nigeria, the Africa’s largest economy. Using the World Bank’s COVID-19 national longitudinal baseline phone survey (2020) for the analysis and applied the multinomial logit regression, the study finds that socioeconomic shocks resulting from the pandemic have led to an increased level of food insecurity. Social protection programmes have played a crucial role in mitigating the impact of these shocks on households. However, the study also highlights the need for more targeted and effective social protection policies to ensure that vulnerable households are adequately protected from the adverse effects of the pandemic. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and stakeholders in Africa’s largest economy, as they seek to address the challenges posed by the pandemic and promote household food security for the actualisation the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of food and nutrition security (SDG2). The study, therefore, recommends that efforts be made to preserve food supply chains by mitigating the pandemic’s effect on food systems, increasing food production, and looking forward beyond the pandemic by building resilient food systems with the use of social protection interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrea Lombardi, Paolo Grossi, the ESCMID Study Group for Infection in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH)
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant reduction in SOT[1]. Currently, several studies have shown how organs retrieved from SARS-COV-2+ donors can be safely employed in SOT, leading scientific societies to endorse transplantations of organs, except lungs, retrieved from these donors[2]. The final issue to be resolved is whether SOT can be safely performed in SARS-CoV-2+ recipients. Few data are available in the literature describing this event[3,4]. Aiming to understand the real-life relevance of transplantation among SARS-CoV-2+ recipients, we proposed an ad-hoc designed survey to all the ESGICH members.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
Abstract Objectives This study explores the hypothesis that COVID-19 patients are at a heightened risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) associated with medical device usage compared to non-COVID-19 patients. Our primary objective was to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 infection in ICU patients and subsequent HAIs following invasive medical device insertion. Additionally, we aim to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on onset times concerning specific microorganisms and the type of medical device, providing valuable insights into this intricate relationship in intensive care settings. Methodology A retrospective cohort study was conducted using ICU patient records at our hospital from 2020 to 2022. This investigation entailed evaluating the timing of HAIs while distinguishing between patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified and analyzed the type of isolation and infection attributed to the medical device while controlling for ICU duration and ventilator days using Cox regression. Results Our study included 127 patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection and 140 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings indicated a higher incidence of HAI caused by various microorganisms associated with any medical device in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (HR = 6.86; 95% CI-95%: 3.26–14.43; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has killed millions of people and had a terrible effect on society. The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) enzyme is essential in the initial phases of the interplay between the SARSCoV-2 and the host cells by assisting viral entrance. Methods This observational case–control study involved 150 participants, 100 adult patients with COVID-19, 50 of whom appeared healthy and had no history of or symptoms of COVID-19 infection when the study was conducted. Between January and April 2022, patients were taken as inpatients in isolation units or through recruitment from the COVID-19 clinic at Kasr Al-Ainy Cairo University Hospitals. According to the National Institutes of Health guidelines (2021), they were categorised into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. TMPRSS2 p.(Val197Met) variant genotyping was evaluated using TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Results The study showed a substantial difference between the mild and severe COVID-19 patient groups regarding their TMPRSS2 (p.Val197Met) genotypes (P value = 0.046). The C allele was significantly more prevalent in the mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 patient categories (77.8%, 89.7% and 91.7%, respectively) and the control group (80%). Meanwhile, the T allele was more prevalent in the mild (22.2%) and control (20%) groups. There was a statistically significant difference in allelic distribution between the mild and severe groups (P value = 0.034). Conclusion The study showed a connection between the TMPRSS2 gene variant p.(Val197Met) and the degree of illness. We concluded that the T(mutant) allele was protective against severe COVID-19 because it was linked to lesser disease severity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMin Joo Choi, Young Jun Yu, Jae Won Kim, Hea Jeon Ju, So Youn Shin, Yun-Jung Yang, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Chulwoo Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Sun Kyung Yoon, Se-Jin Park, WonSeok Gwak, June-Woo Lee, Byoungguk Kim, Joon Young Song
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21.01.2024
Tilføjet 21.01.2024
Concomitant COVID-19 and influenza vaccination would be an efficient strategy. While the co-administration of monovalent COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations showed acceptable immunogenicity, it remains unknown whether the bivalent COVID-19 vaccine could intensify immune interference. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant BA.5-based bivalent COVID-19 and influenza vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristophe Corpechot, Marie Verdoux, Marie Frank‐Soltysiak, Jean‐Charles Duclos‐Vallée, Lamiae Grimaldi
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2024
Tilføjet 20.01.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2024
Tilføjet 20.01.2024
Abstract Background Bacterial infections are not prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, while unnecessary prescription of antibiotics was commonly observed. This study aimed to determine the impact of procalcitonin testing on antibiotics prescription in the real-world setting. Methods We performed a territory-wide retrospective cohort study involving all laboratory-confirmed patients hospitalized in public hospitals in Hong Kong in 2020 with COVID-19. We determined the prevalence of bacterial co-infections (documented infections within 72 h of admission) and secondary bacterial infections (infections after 72 h of admission) and antibiotics consumption, and the correlation between procalcitonin testing and antibiotics prescription. Results The cohort included 8666 patients, with mean age 45.3 ± 19.9 years, 48.5% male, and comorbidities in 26.9%. Among 2688 patients with bacterial cultures performed, 147 (5.5%) had bacterial co-infections, and 222 (8.3%) had secondary bacterial infections. Antibiotics were prescribed for 2773 (32.0%) patients during the hospital admission. Procalcitonin tests were performed for 2543 (29.3%) patients. More patients with procalcitonin testing received antibiotics (65.9% vs. 17.9%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTeresa AydilloMaria Balsera-ManzaneroAmaya Rojo-FernandezAlba EscaleraCelia Salamanca-RiveraJerónimo PachónMaría Del Mar Muñoz-GarcíaMaría José Sánchez-CorderoJavier Sánchez-CéspedesAdolfo García-SastreElisa Corderoa Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USAb Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USAc Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spaind Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USAe Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spainf Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Seville, Spaing CIBERINFEC, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spainh Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spaini Health Care Center Los Bermejales, Primary Care District, Andalusian Health Service, Sevillej Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USAk Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USAl Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Christian Hannes, Sarah Schiffer, Rüdiger von Nitzsch
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
by Christian Hannes, Sarah Schiffer, Rüdiger von Nitzsch In March 2020, the WHO declared the coronavirus a pandemic. Since then, the German government has tried to control the spread of the virus with various restrictions. These restrictions had a direct impact on the life of German students. In this study, we investigate to what extent the restrictions led to a change of value priorities of German students. From January 2019 to January 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study with four measurement points and, in total, 1,328 participants. Two measurement points were before the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany, one in the second lockdown phase and the third after two years in the pandemic. In this study, the students were asked to indicate their value priorities while solving a real-world decision problem important to them. Results suggest increased value priorities of the values Intellectual Fulfillment and Environment and Nature and a decrease of Family and Partner value priority as a direct effect of the second lockdown phase. We also found small differences regarding value priorities between the male and female subjects. The data show bounce-back effects as the pandemic became more normal to the students. In the long run, value priorities seem to be stable, with the exception of a longer-lasting increase in Freedom and Independence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMinh-Anh Le-Dang, Hai-Yen Nguyen-Thi, Luyen Pham Dinh, Danh Le Ngoc, Nguyen Dang Tu Le, Hien Pham Thu, Dinh Thanh Le
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
by Minh-Anh Le-Dang, Hai-Yen Nguyen-Thi, Luyen Pham Dinh, Danh Le Ngoc, Nguyen Dang Tu Le, Hien Pham Thu, Dinh Thanh Le Background The Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the corresponding mitigation measures have had a discernible impact on drug utilization among outpatients. However, limited research exists on the prescription trends in the elderly population during the pandemic period in Viet Nam. Objectives This study aims to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on outpatient drug utilization patterns at a national geriatric hospital in Ho Chi Minh City before and after the early onset of the pandemic. Methods Data was collected from the prescriptions and administration claims, encompassing the period from January 2016 to December 2022. The dataset was divided into two periods: Period 1: January 2016 to December 2020 and Period 2: January 2021 to December 2022. The drug utilization was measured using DDD/1000P (defined daily doses–DDD per 1000 prescriptions) on a monthly basis. The analysis employed interrupted time series using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to detect changes in drug use levels and rates. Results A total of 1,060,507 and 644,944 outpatient prescriptions from Thong Nhat Hospital were included in Period 1 and Period 2, respectively. The median age of the patients were 58 in Period 1 and 67 years old in Period 2. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. In terms of medication utilization, cardiovascular drugs were the most frequently prescribed, followed by drugs active on the digestive and hormonal systems. The study observed significant surges in the number of prescriptions and the average number of drugs per prescription. However, there were no significant changes in the overall consumption of all drugs. Among the drug groups related to the cardiovascular system, three subgroups experienced a sudden and significant increase: cardiac therapy, beta-blocking agents, and antihypertensives, with increasing consumption levels of 1,177.73 [CI 95%: 79.29; 2,276.16], 73.32 [CI 95%: 28.18; 118.46], and 36.70 [CI 95%: 6.74; 66.66] DDD/1000P, respectively. On the other hand, there was a significant monthly decrease of -31.36 [CI 95%: -57.02; -5.70] DDD/1000P in the consumption of anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products. Interestingly, there was a significant increase of 74.62 [CI 95%: -0.36; 149.60] DDD/1000P in the use of antigout preparations. Conclusion COVID-19 resulted in a sudden, non-significant increase in overall drug consumption levels among outpatients. Notably, our findings highlight significant increases in the utilization of three drug groups related to the cardiovascular system, specifically cardiac therapy, beta-blocking agents, and antihypertensives. Intriguingly, there was a statistically significant increase in the consumption of antigout preparations, despite a decline in the monthly consumption rate of non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Further studies in the following years are necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on outpatient drug utilization patterns.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWei‐Ting Wang, I‐Wen Chen, Kuo‐Chuan Hung
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Shilpee Sharma, Anaïs Thiriard, Véronique Olislagers, Jerome R. Lechien, Marie‐Hélène Jurion, Marie‐Luce Delforge, Arnaud Marchant, Sven Saussez
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Fangjian Guo, Victor Adekanmbi, Christine D. Hsu, Efstathia Polychronopoulou, Abbey B. Berenson
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024