47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (omicron) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
177 emner vises.
151
Variant-specific IgA protects against Omicron infection
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, coupled with waning vaccine-induced immunity, has contributed to the rise of vaccine breakthrough infections. It is crucial to understand how vaccine-induced protection is mediated.MethodsWe examined two prospective cohorts of mRNA-vaccinated-and-boosted individuals during the Omicron wave of infection in Singapore.ResultsWe found that, individuals, who remain uninfected over the follow-up period, had a higher variant-specific IgA, but not IgG, antibody response at 1-month post booster vaccination, compared with individuals who became infected.ConclusionsWe conclude that IgA may have a potential contributory role in protection against Omicron infection.
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152
Fading SARS-CoV-2 humoral VOC cross-reactivity and sustained cellular immunity in convalescent children and adolescents
BMC Infectious Diseases, 23.11.2023
Tilføjet 23.11.2023
Abstract Cross-reactive cellular and humoral immunity can substantially contribute to antiviral defense against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). While the adult SARS-CoV-2 cellular and humoral immunity and its cross-recognition potential against VOC is broadly analyzed, similar data regarding the pediatric population are missing. In this study, we perform an analysis of the humoral and cellular SARS-CoV-2 response immune of 32 convalescent COVID-19 children (children), 27 convalescent vaccinated adults(C + V+) and 7 unvaccinated convalescent adults (C + V-). Similarly to adults, a significant reduction of cross-reactive neutralizing capacity against delta and omicron VOC was observed 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. While SAR-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity was comparable among children and C + V- against all VOC, children demonstrated as expected an inferior humoral response when compared to C + V+. Nevertheless, children generated SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells with broad cross-recognition potential. When compared to V + C+, children presented even comparable frequencies of WT-reactive CD4 + and CD8 + T cells with high avidity and functionality. Taking into consideration the limitations of study - unknown disease onset for 53% of the asymptomatic pediatric subjects, serological detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection-, our results suggest that following SARS-CoV-2 infection children generate a humoral SARS-CoV-2 response with neutralizing potential comparable to unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescent adults as well a sustained SARS-CoV-2 cellular response cross-reactive to VOC.
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153
A cohort study on the biochemical and haematological parameters of Italian blood donors as possible risk factors of COVID-19 infection and severe disease in the pre- and post-Omicron period
Chiara Marraccini, Lucia Merolle, Davide Schiroli, Agnese Razzoli, Gaia Gavioli, Barbara Iotti, Roberto Baricchi, Marta Ottone, Pamela Mancuso, Paolo Giorgi Rossi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
by Chiara Marraccini, Lucia Merolle, Davide Schiroli, Agnese Razzoli, Gaia Gavioli, Barbara Iotti, Roberto Baricchi, Marta Ottone, Pamela Mancuso, Paolo Giorgi Rossi To investigate the association between biochemical and blood parameters collected before the pandemic in a large cohort of Italian blood donors with the risk of infection and severe disease. We also focused on the differences between the pre- and post-Omicron spread in Italy (i.e., pre- and post-January 01, 2022) on the observed associations. We conducted an observational cohort study on 13750 blood donors was conducted using data archived up to 5 years before the pandemic. A t-test or chi-squared test was used to compare differences between groups. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age and epidemic phase of first infection (pre- and post-Omicron spread) were examined. We confirmed a protective effect of groups B and O, while groups A and AB had a higher likelihood of infection and severe disease. However, these associations were only significant in the pre-Omicron period. We found an opposite behavior after Omicron spread, with the O phenotype having a higher probability of infection. When stratified by variant, A antigen appeared to protect against Omicron infection, whereas it was associated with an increased risk of infection by earlier variants. We were able to stratify for the SARS CoV-2 dominant variant, which revealed a causal association between blood group and probability of infection, as evidenced by the strong effect modification observed between the pre- and post-Omicron spread. The mechanism by which group A acts on the probability of infection should consider this strong effect modification.
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154
Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous Omicron BA.1 and bivalent SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein booster vaccines: a phase 3, randomized, clinical trial
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundMutations present in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants permit evasion of neutralization with prototype vaccines. A novel Omicron BA.1 subvariant-specific vaccine (NVX-CoV2515) was tested alone, or as a bivalent preparation in combination with the prototype vaccine (NVX-CoV2373), to assess antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.MethodsParticipants aged 18 to 64 years immunized with 3 doses of prototype mRNA vaccines were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single dose of NVX-CoV2515, NVX-CoV2373, or bivalent mixture in a phase 3 study investigating heterologous boosting with SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccines. Immunogenicity was measured 14 and 28 days after vaccination for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 sublineage and ancestral strain. Safety profiles of vaccines were assessed.ResultsOf participants who received trial vaccine (N = 829), those administered NVX-CoV2515 (n = 286) demonstrated superior neutralizing antibody response to BA.1 versus NVX-CoV2373 (n = 274) at Day 14 (geometric mean titer ratio [95% CI]: 1.6 [1.33, 2.03]). Seroresponse rates [n/N; 95% CI] were 73.4% [91/124; 64.7, 80.9] for NVX-CoV2515 versus 50.9% [59/116; 41.4, 60.3] for NVX-CoV2373. All formulations were similarly well-tolerated.ConclusionsNVX-CoV2515 elicited a superior neutralizing antibody response against the Omicron BA.1 subvariant compared with NVX-CoV2373 when administered as a fourth dose. Safety data were consistent with the established safety profile of NVX-CoV2373.
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155
Integrative proteomics and metabolomics study reveal enhanced immune responses by COVID‐19 vaccine booster shot against Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Beili Wang, Wenjing Yang, Yexin Tong, Mingjun Sun, Sheng Quan, Jing Zhu, Qianwen Zhang, Zhaoyu Qin, Yanxia Ni, Ying Zhao, Kouqiong Wang, Chunyan Zhang, Yichi Zhang, Zhenxin Wang, Zhenju Song, Huafen Liu, Hao Fang, Ziqing Kong, Chen Ding, Wei Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
156
Rapid implementation of home oxygen treatment and remote monitoring for COVID-19 patients at the verge of the Omicron wave in Turku, Finland
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Abstract Background In Turku, Finland, we introduced a home oxygen treatment and app-based monitoring program for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to facilitate an early discharge during the Omicron wave. In this case series we explore the clinical parameters of patients enrolled in the program and evaluate the cost–benefit and safety issues of the program. Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with marked hypoxemia but otherwise in stable condition were screened from Turku City Hospital and Turku University Hospital by treating doctors for eligibility in the program. Peripheral oxygen saturation of > 92% and breathing frequency
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157
A deterministic compartmental model for the transition between variants in the spread of Covid-19 in Italy
Mario Saviano, Annalisa Fierro, Antonella Liccardo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Mario Saviano, Annalisa Fierro, Antonella Liccardo We propose a deterministic epidemic model to describe the transition between two variants of the same virus, through the combination of a series of realistic mechanisms such as partial cross immunity, waning immunity for vaccinated individuals and a novel data-based algorithm to describe the average immunological status of the population. The model is validated on the evolution of Covid-19 in Italy, during the period in which the transition between Delta and Omicron variant occurred, with very satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. According to our model, if the vaccine efficacy had been equal against Delta and Omicron variant infections, the transition would have been smoothed and the epidemic would have gone extinct. This circumstance confirms the fundamental role of vaccines in combating the epidemic, and the importance of identifying vaccines capable of intercepting new variants.
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158
Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation in immunocompromised patients: a retrospective case-control study
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundA SARS-CoV-2 infection lasts longer in immunocompromised hosts than in immunocompetent patients. Prolonged infection is associated with a higher probability of selection for novel SARS-CoV-2 mutations, particularly in the spike protein, a critical target for vaccines and therapeutics.MethodsFrom December 2020 to September 2022, respiratory samples from 444 immunocompromised patients and 234 healthcare workers positive for SARS-CoV-2, diagnosed at two hospitals in Paris, France, were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing using Nanopore technology. Custom scripts were developed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity between the two groups and within the host.ResultsMost infections were SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron lineages. Viral genetic diversity was significantly higher in infections of immunocompromised patients than those of controls. Minor mutations were identified in viruses sequenced from immunocompromised individuals, which became signature mutations for newer SARS-CoV-2 variants as the epidemic progressed. Two patients were co-infected with Delta and Omicron variants. The follow-up of immunocompromised patients revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution differed in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.ConclusionsThis study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients is associated with higher genetic diversity, which could lead to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with possible immune evasion or different virulence characteristics.
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159
Are people living with HIV have a low vulnerability to omicron variant infection: results from a cross-sectional study in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Background A surge of more than 80 million Omicron variant infected cases was reported in China less than a month after the "zero COVID" strategy ended on December 7, 2022. In this circumstance, whether people living with HIV (PLWH) in China experience a similar risk is not clear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wuchang District of Wuhan between December 20, 2022, and January 18, 2023 through a self-administered online survey. PLWH and HIV-negative people aged ≥ 18 years old who volunteered for this survey were eligible. The prevalence of Omicron variant infection between PLWH and HIV-negative people was compared, and the factors associated with the Omicron variant infection among PLWH and HIV-negative people were further evaluated, respectively. Results In total, 890 PLWH and 1,364 HIV-negative adults from Wuchang District were enrolled. Among these participants, 690 PLWH (77.5%) and 1163 HIV-negative people (85.3%) reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gender, chronic disease conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status significantly differed between the two groups. After adjusting gender, age, comorbidities, and COVID-19 vaccination status, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH was significantly lower than among HIV-negative people (aOR 0.56, 95%CI 0.42–0.76). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PLWH with older age and detectable HIV-viral load (HIV-VL) had decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–0.99; aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.36–0.97). Compared with PLWH receiving one/two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, no significant differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed among PLWH receiving three doses of inactivated vaccines and four doses of vaccines (three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored vaccine). Among HIV-negative people, those receiving four doses of COVID-19 vaccines had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than those receiving one/two doses (aOR 0.14, 95%CI 0.08–0.25). Conclusions Our study proves that PLWH have a lower risk of Omicron variant infection than HIV-negative people. However, even PLWH with younger age and virological suppression should strengthen the prevention against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant AD5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine may provide better protection for HIV-negative people.
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160
SARS-CoV-2 trends in Italy, Germany and Portugal and school opening during the period of Omicron variant dominance: a quasi-experimental study
Federica Bellerba, Nils Bardeck, Michael Boehm, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Sara Raimondi, Elisa Tomezzoli, Mafalda Silva Miranda, Inês Martins Alves, Daniela Alves, Ana Abecasis, Valeria Gabellone, Elisa Gabrielli, Giulia Vaglio, Elham Shamsara, Nico Pfeifer, Chiara Mommo, Francesca Incardona, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Gandini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.11.2023
Tilføjet 12.11.2023
As part of the global reaction to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary and secondary schools were closed to on-site learning in many countries. This decision was based on data extrapolated from influenza transmission models, which suggested that closing schools could help reduce the spread of infections[1]. However, the effectiveness of this measure for SARS-CoV-2 was unclear. Several studies about the impact of school openings found conflicting results on community transmission, with some suggesting substantial increases in positivity rates[2], and others suggesting a small impact[3], [4] or no effect after adjusting for community incidence[5]–[7].
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161
Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and post COVID-19 condition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background While many studies on the determinants of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) have been conducted, little is known about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC. This study aimed to assess the association between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the probability of having PCC three months after the infection. Methods This study was a longitudinal cohort study conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 in Belgium. In total, 8,238 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. The primary outcomes were the PCC status three months post infection and seven PCC symptoms categories (neurocognitive, autonomic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, anosmia and/or dysgeusia, and other manifestations). The main exposure variable was the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron), extracted from national surveillance data. The association between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC as well as PCC symptoms categories was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The proportion of PCC among participants infected during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-dominant periods was significantly different and respectively 50%, 50%, and 37%. Participants infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a significantly higher odds of having PCC than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–1.96 and OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.54–1.93, respectively). Participants infected during the Alpha and Delta-dominant periods were more likely to report neurocognitive, respiratory, and anosmia/dysgeusia symptoms of PCC. Conclusions People infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a higher probability of having PCC three months after infection than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period. The lower probability of PCC with the Omicron variant must also be interpreted in absolute figures. Indeed, the number of infections with the Omicron variant being higher than with the Alpha and Delta variants, it is possible that the overall prevalence of PCC in the population increases, even if the probability of having a PCC decreases.
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162
Review: The Landscape of Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19 in the Era of Widespread Population Immunity and Omicron-Lineage Viruses
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
AbstractThe goals of COVID-19 antiviral therapy early in the pandemic were to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death. As these outcomes have become infrequent in the age of widespread population immunity, the objectives have shifted. For the general population, COVID-19-directed antiviral therapy should decrease symptom severity and duration and minimize infectiousness and for immunocompromised individuals, antiviral therapy should reduce severe outcomes and persistent infection. The increased recognition of virologic rebound following ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (NMV/r) and the lack of randomized controlled trial data showing benefit of antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection for standard-risk, vaccinated individuals remain major knowledge gaps. Here, we review data for selected antiviral agents and immunomodulators currently available or in late-stage clinical trials for use in outpatients. We do not review antibody products, convalescent plasma, systemic corticosteroids, IL-6 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, or agents which lack FDA approval or emergency use authorization or are not appropriate for outpatients.
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163
A fatal course of COVID-19 during the Omicron surge: can you estimate your patients’ SARS-CoV-2 immune status?
Infection, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Abstract We present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
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164
Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and post COVID-19 condition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background While many studies on the determinants of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) have been conducted, little is known about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC. This study aimed to assess the association between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the probability of having PCC three months after the infection. Methods This study was a longitudinal cohort study conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 in Belgium. In total, 8,238 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. The primary outcomes were the PCC status three months post infection and seven PCC symptoms categories (neurocognitive, autonomic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, anosmia and/or dysgeusia, and other manifestations). The main exposure variable was the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron), extracted from national surveillance data. The association between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC as well as PCC symptoms categories was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The proportion of PCC among participants infected during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-dominant periods was significantly different and respectively 50%, 50%, and 37%. Participants infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a significantly higher odds of having PCC than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–1.96 and OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.54–1.93, respectively). Participants infected during the Alpha and Delta-dominant periods were more likely to report neurocognitive, respiratory, and anosmia/dysgeusia symptoms of PCC. Conclusions People infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a higher probability of having PCC three months after infection than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period. The lower probability of PCC with the Omicron variant must also be interpreted in absolute figures. Indeed, the number of infections with the Omicron variant being higher than with the Alpha and Delta variants, it is possible that the overall prevalence of PCC in the population increases, even if the probability of having a PCC decreases.
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165
Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and post COVID-19 condition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background While many studies on the determinants of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) have been conducted, little is known about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC. This study aimed to assess the association between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the probability of having PCC three months after the infection. Methods This study was a longitudinal cohort study conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 in Belgium. In total, 8,238 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. The primary outcomes were the PCC status three months post infection and seven PCC symptoms categories (neurocognitive, autonomic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, anosmia and/or dysgeusia, and other manifestations). The main exposure variable was the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron), extracted from national surveillance data. The association between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC as well as PCC symptoms categories was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The proportion of PCC among participants infected during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-dominant periods was significantly different and respectively 50%, 50%, and 37%. Participants infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a significantly higher odds of having PCC than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–1.96 and OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.54–1.93, respectively). Participants infected during the Alpha and Delta-dominant periods were more likely to report neurocognitive, respiratory, and anosmia/dysgeusia symptoms of PCC. Conclusions People infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a higher probability of having PCC three months after infection than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period. The lower probability of PCC with the Omicron variant must also be interpreted in absolute figures. Indeed, the number of infections with the Omicron variant being higher than with the Alpha and Delta variants, it is possible that the overall prevalence of PCC in the population increases, even if the probability of having a PCC decreases.
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166
Predictors of disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant XBB sublineages and variants of interest
Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Oon Tek Ng, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Qi Gao, Ai Jia Soong, Joel Han Wen Teo, Shannon Low, Shawn Vasoo, Jia Hui Li, Koh Cheng Thoon, Helen Oh, Surinder Kaur M S Pada, Say Tat Ooi, Jade Soh, Hei Man Wong, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
167
Omicron breakthrough infections in vaccinated or previously infected hamsters
Jie ZhouKsenia SukhovaThomas P. PeacockPaul F. McKayJonathan C. BrownRebecca FriseLaury BaillonMaya MosheRuthiran KugathasanRobin J. ShattockWendy S. BarclayaDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
168
Multidimensional dynamic prediction model for hospitalized patients with the omicron variant in China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 2.10.2023
Tilføjet 2.10.2023
Publication date: Available online 2 October 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Yujie Chen, Yao Wang, Jieqing Chen, Xudong Ma, Longxiang Su, Yuna Wei, Linfeng Li, Dandan Ma, Feng Zhang, Wen Zhu, Xiaoyang Meng, Guoqiang Sun, Lian Ma, Huizhen Jiang, Chang Yin, Taisheng Li, Xiang Zhou, China National Critical Care Quality Control Center Group
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169
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives late remodeling of the memory B cell repertoire in vaccinated individuals
Immunity, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 4 August 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Aurélien Sokal, Giovanna Barba-Spaeth, Lise Hunault, Ignacio Fernández, Matteo Broketa, Annalisa Meola, Slim Fourati, Imane Azzaoui, Alexis Vandenberghe, Pauline Lagouge-Roussey, Manon Broutin, Anais Roeser, Magali Bouvier-Alias, Etienne Crickx, Laetitia Languille, Morgane Fournier, Marc Michel, Bertrand Godeau, Sébastien Gallien, Giovanna Melica
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170
Analysis of the effect of PCR testing and antigen testing on controlling the transmission for Omicron based on different scenarios
Infectious Disease Modelling, 25.07.2023
Tilføjet 25.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Wentao Song, Buasiyamu Abudunaibi, Zeyu Zhao, Weikang Liu, Xiaolan Wang, Tianmu Chen
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171
Clinical efficacy of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies in preventing hospitalisation and mortality among patients infected with Omicron variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Danijela Miljanovic; Andja Cirkovic; Ivana Lazarevic; Aleksandra Knezevic; Maja Cupic; Ana Banko;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Until now, the treatment protocols for COVID‐19 have been revised multiple times. The use and approval of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for COVID‐19 treatment represent exceptional achievements in modern science, technology and medicine. SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron evasion of pre‐existing immunity represents a serious public health problem nowadays. This systematic review with meta‐analysis provided comprehensive and up‐to‐date evidence of the clinical efficacy of therapeutic anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs against Omicron subvariants in COVID‐19 patients and included 10 articles. The prevalence of hospitalisation among Omicron‐positive patients treated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs was 2.8% (89/3169) while it controls (Omicron‐positive patients treated with other therapies) 11% (154/1371). There was a statistically significantly different number of hospitalisations between the two studied groups in favour of the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs treated group. (OR = 0.56, 95% CI OR = 0.41–0.77,
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172
Mathematical modeling for Delta and Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Greece
Infectious Disease Modelling, 6.07.2023
Tilføjet 6.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 6 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sofia Liossi, E. Tsiambas, S. Maipas, E. Papageorgiou, A. Lazaris, N. Kavantzas
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173
Forecast for peak infections in the second wave of the Omicron after the adjustment of zero-COVID policy in the mainland of China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 30.05.2023
Tilføjet 30.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 30 May 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sheng-Tao Wang, Yong-Ping Wu, Li Li, Yong Li, Gui-Quan Sun
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174
Multi-dimensional Dissection of Blood Components reveals an Uncanonical Immune Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Patients
Immunity, 17.05.2023
Tilføjet 17.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Hong Wang, Cuicui Liu, Xiaowei Xie, Mingming Niu, Yingrui Wang, Xuelian Cheng, Biao Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mengyao Liu, Rui Sun, Yezi Ma, Shihui Ma, Huijun Wang, Guoqing Zhu, Yang Lu, Baiming Huang, Pei Su, Xiaoyuan Chen, Jingjing Zhao, Hongtao Wang
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175
Effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Masoud Rahmati; Dong Keon Yon; Seung Won Lee; Laurie Butler; Ai Koyanagi; Louis Jacob; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but no systematic synthesis of evidence on COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy against these outcomes has been undertaken. Thus, we aimed to assess the collective evidence on the effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to 1 November 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate pooled effects size and 95% confidence interval (CI). We evaluated 30 studies involving 862,272 individuals (308,428 vaccinated and 553,844 unvaccinated). Overall pooled analyses in pregnant women during pregnancy showed reduced risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by 60% (41%–73%), COVID‐19 hospitalisation during pregnancy by 53% (31%–69%), and COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) admission by 82% (12%–99%). Neonates of vaccinated women were 1.78 folds more likely to acquire SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first 2, 4 and 6 months of life during the Omicron period. The risk of stillbirth was reduced by 45% (17%–63%) in association with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy. A decrease of 15% (3%–25%), 33% (14%–48%), and 33% (17%–46%) in the odds of preterm births before 37, 32 and 28 weeks\' gestation were associated with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy, respectively. The risk of neonatal ICU admission was significantly lower by 20% following COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy (16%–24%). There was no evidence of a higher risk of adverse outcomes including miscarriage, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, cardiac problems, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, unassisted vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, gestational age at delivery, placental abruption, Apgar score at 5 min below 7, low birthweight (
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176
Genetics, structure, transmission, epidemiology, immune response, and vaccine efficacies of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant: A comprehensive review
Han Li; Chelsea‐Jane Arcalas; Junmin Song; Masoud Rahmati; Seoyeon Park; Ai Koyanagi; Seung Won Lee; Dong Keon Yon; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the predominant variant behind the surges of COVID‐19 in the United States, Europe, and India in the second half of 2021. The information available regarding the defining mutations and their effects on the structure, transmission, and vaccine efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 is constantly evolving. With waning vaccine immunity and relaxation of social distancing policies across the globe driving the increased spread of the Delta variant, there is a great need for a resource aggregating the most recent information for clinicians and researchers concerning the Delta variant. Accordingly, this narrative review comprehensively reviews the genetics, structure, epidemiology, clinical course, and vaccine efficacy of the Delta variant. Comparison with the omicron variant is also discussed. The Delta variant is defined by 15 mutations in the Spike protein, most of which increase affinity for the ACE‐2 receptor or enhance immune escape. The Delta variant causes similar symptoms to prototypical COVID‐19, but it is more likely to be severe, with a greater inflammatory phenotype and viral load. The reproduction number is estimated to be approximately twice the prototypical strains present during the early pandemic, and numerous breakthrough infections have been reported. Despite studies demonstrating breakthrough infection and reduced antibody neutralisation, full vaccination effectively reduces the likelihood of severe illness and hospitalisation.
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Clinical performance of rapid antigen tests in comparison to RT‐PCR for SARS‐COV‐2 diagnosis in Omicron variant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Zahra Eslami Mohammadie; Saeed Akhlaghi; Saeed Samaeinasab; Shakiba Shaterzadeh‐Bojd; Tannaz Jamialahmadi; Amirhossein Sahebkar;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The Omicron variant of concern has a high level of mutations in different genes that has raised awareness about the performance of immunological products such as vaccines and antigen detection kits. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigated whether Omicron had a significant influence on rapid antigen test (RAT) performance in comparison to PCR. We registered this systematic review and meta‐analysis in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022355510. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases systematically to 1 August 2022. After article screening, we assessed the quality of the included studies based on the JBI checklist. Following data extraction, we performed a meta‐analysis using R software. We included 18 qualified articles presenting sufficient data about RATs performance in comparison to RT‐PCR in Omicron infections. The pooled specificity and sensitivity of RATs were 1.000 (0.997–1.000) and 0.671 (0.595–0.721), respectively. The FDA‐approved kits showed a better performance than WHO‐approved ones with a sensitivity of 0.728 (0.620–0.815). The use of RATs with nasal swabs showed a higher sensitivity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. The sensitivity for samples with a CT‐value >25 was 0.108 (0.048–0.227). Rapid antigen tests show impaired performance for COVID‐19 diagnosis when the Omicron variant is circulating, particularly in samples with low viral loads.
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