Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (urin) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1340 emner vises.
Peter Seah Keng Tok, Kong Yeow Kang, Sock Wen Ng, Norazida Ab Rahman, Muhammad Aminul Syahmi, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Maheshwara Rao Appannan, Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy, Sheamini Sivasampu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Peter Seah Keng Tok, Kong Yeow Kang, Sock Wen Ng, Norazida Ab Rahman, Muhammad Aminul Syahmi, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Maheshwara Rao Appannan, Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy, Sheamini Sivasampu Post COVID-19 condition is an important public health problem as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of this condition and assess its associated factors and impact on health-related quality of life in a population setting in Malaysia. Study was conducted from April to June 2022 when the Omicron variant predominated. All individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR, RTK-Ag) were invited for participation. Study questionnaires were delivered via the MySejahtera platform (mobile application). From the total of 44,386 participants who provided responses up to 3-months interval, 1,510 participants (3.4%) fulfilled the post COVID-19 condition criteria. Majority of the affected participants (83.8%, n = 1,265) experienced either cough, fatigue or forgetfulness–the three most common symptoms. Being females, having existing comorbidities, presence of symptoms and requiring hospital admission during the acute illness were associated with higher likelihoods of developing the post COVID-19 condition at 3-months interval. Amongst the 1,510 individuals, one in five had limitations in performing their usual daily activities while at least one in three expressed that their work was affected. Understanding this condition better is essential to guide strategic and responsive plans of action, which may require coordinated multidisciplinary interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHyo Jin Lee, Sohee Oh, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung-Kyu Lee, Eun Young Heo, Deog Kyeom Kim, Tae Yun Park
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Hyo Jin Lee, Sohee Oh, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung-Kyu Lee, Eun Young Heo, Deog Kyeom Kim, Tae Yun Park Background Sarcopenia is a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly, and the timed up-and-go test (TUG) can be used as a screening tool for sarcopenia in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TUG test results and future pneumonia or ventilator care. Materials and methods From the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database, we identified 19,804 people without neurological diseases who underwent the TUG test in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at the age of 66 years during 2007–2008. Gait abnormality was defined as taking 10 s or longer to perform the TUG test. Pneumonia occurrence was defined using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for pneumonia (J12–J18, J69), and ventilator care was defined by procedure codes (M5830, M5850, M5867, M5858, M5860, M5859) according to the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding system codes from 2007 to 2015. Results The mean follow-up period was 7.4 years (standard error, SE 0.02). The incidence rates of pneumonia in the normal and slow TUG groups were 38 and 39.5/1000 person-years, respectively. The slow TUG group did not show a higher risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.042; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.988–1.107]). Regarding ventilator care, the incidence was 4.7 and 5.2 cases per 1,000 person-years in the normal and slow TUG groups, respectively. Slow TUG groups also did not show an increased risk of ventilator occurrence (aHR, 1.136, [95% CI = 0.947–1.363]). Conclusion The TUG test result was not associated with future pneumonia or ventilator care and may not be useful for predicting pneumonia in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Further studies are needed to identify additional functional tools for sarcopenia associated with future pneumonia occurrences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan Zhen Liang, Donovan Kai Wei Ng, Vijayprasanth Raveendran, Mac Yu Kai Teo, Elaine Li Ying Quah, Keith Zi Yuan Chua, Jun Kiat Lua, Jasmine Lerk Juan Owyong, Andrew Vimal Vijayan, Nur Amira Binte Abdul Hamid, Ting Ting Yeoh, Eng Koon Ong, Gillian Li Gek Phua, Stephen Mason, Warren Fong, Crystal Lim, Natalie Woong, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Jonathan Zhen Liang, Donovan Kai Wei Ng, Vijayprasanth Raveendran, Mac Yu Kai Teo, Elaine Li Ying Quah, Keith Zi Yuan Chua, Jun Kiat Lua, Jasmine Lerk Juan Owyong, Andrew Vimal Vijayan, Nur Amira Binte Abdul Hamid, Ting Ting Yeoh, Eng Koon Ong, Gillian Li Gek Phua, Stephen Mason, Warren Fong, Crystal Lim, Natalie Woong, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna Evolving individual, contextual, organizational, interactional and sociocultural factors have complicated efforts to shape the professional identity formation (PIF) of medical students or how they feel, act and think as professionals. However, an almost exclusive reliance on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study the elemental structures that shape PIF and the environmental factors nurturing it. We propose two independent Systematic Evidence-Based Approach guided systematic scoping reviews (SSR in SEBA)s to map accounts of online learning environment and netiquette that structure online programs. The data accrued was analysed using the clinically evidenced Krishna-Pisupati Model of Professional Identity Formation (KPM) to study the evolving concepts of professional identity. The results of each SSR in SEBA were evaluated separately with the themes and categories identified in the Split Approach combined to create richer and deeper ‘themes/categories’ using the Jigsaw Perspective. The ‘themes/categories’ from each review were combined using the Funnelling Process to create domains that guide the discussion. The ‘themes/categories’ identified from the 141 included full-text articles in the SSR in SEBA of online programs were the content and effects of online programs. The themes/categories identified from the 26 included articles in the SSR in SEBA of netiquette were guidelines, contributing factors, and implications. The Funnelling Process identified online programs (encapsulating the content, approach, structures and the support mechanisms); their effects; and PIF development that framed the domains guiding the discussion. This SSR in SEBA identifies the fundamental elements behind developing PIF including a structured program within a nurturing environment confined with netiquette-guided boundaries akin to a Community of Practice and the elemental aspect of a socialisation process within online programs. These findings ought to be applicable beyond online training and guide the design, support and assessment of efforts to nurture PIF.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Abstract Background Avian influenza viruses pose significant risk to human health. Vaccines targeting the hemagglutinin of these viruses are poorly immunogenic without the use of adjuvants.Methods Twenty healthy men and women (18-49 years of age) were randomized to receive two doses of inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine alone (IIV) or with AS03 adjuvant (IIV-AS03) one month apart. Urine and serum samples were collected on day 0 and on days 1, 3, and 7 following first vaccination and subjected to metabolomics analyses to identify metabolites, metabolic pathways, and metabolite clusters associated with immunization.Results Seventy-three differentially abundant (DA) serum and 88 urine metabolites were identified for any post-vaccination day comparison. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of tryptophan, tyrosine and nicotinate metabolism in urine and serum among IIV-AS03 recipients. Increased urine abundance of 4-vinylphenol sulfate on Day 1 was associated with serologic response based on hemagglutination inhibition responses. In addition, 9 DA urine metabolites were identified in participants with malaise compared to those without.Conclusions Our findings suggest that tryptophan, tyrosine, and nicotinate metabolism are upregulated among IIV-AS03 recipients compared with IIV alone. Metabolites within these pathways may serve as measures of immunogenicity and may provide mechanistic insights for adjuvanted vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated associations between antepartum weight change and adverse pregnancy outcomes and between antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and week-50 postpartum body mass index in IMPAACT 2010.Methods Women with HIV-1 in 9 countries were randomized 1:1:1 at 14-28 weeks gestational age (GA) to start dolutegravir(DTG)+emtricitabine(FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate(TAF) versus DTG+FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) versus efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF. Insufficient antepartum weight gain was defined using IOM guidelines. Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between antepartum weight change and adverse pregnancy outcomes: stillbirth (≥20 weeks GA), preterm delivery (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTony Kirby
Lancet, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
“Being gay meant facing the loss and terror of HIV/AIDS”, says global health advocate Bruce Richman when speaking about his formative years during the 1980s and 1990s in the New England region of the USA. It was a time when HIV/AIDS began extending its dark shadow worldwide and Richman was navigating his own sexuality while seeing news about healthy young men suddenly succumbing to this new disease. His early experiences shaped the role he has today as founder of the Prevention Access Campaign (PAC), a non-profit organisation that launched, with partners, the Undetectable=Untransmittable (U=U) movement to build a scientific consensus on the fact that people living with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy and have an undetectable viral load cannot sexually transmit HIV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGagandeep Kang
Lancet, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Vaccine equity has been at the forefront of print, television, and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science, technology, and manufacturing brought the world multiple successful vaccines on a range of platforms and in quantities that were inconceivable at the start of the pandemic. Despite the triumph of scientists, the vaccine industry, and governments, vaccine nationalism trumped the efforts of WHO, which established a prioritisation framework for vaccination of clinically vulnerable populations, and the COVAX facility, which was intended to ensure that vaccines could be financed and distributed equitably around the world.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNatasya Emmanuela, Daisy Ramadhani Muhammad, Iriawati, Christofora Hanny Wijaya, Yuliana Maria Diah Ratnadewi, Hiroshi Takemori, Ika Dewi Ana, Ratna Yuniati, Windri Handayani, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, Yasuhiko Tabata, Anggraini Barlian
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Natasya Emmanuela, Daisy Ramadhani Muhammad, Iriawati, Christofora Hanny Wijaya, Yuliana Maria Diah Ratnadewi, Hiroshi Takemori, Ika Dewi Ana, Ratna Yuniati, Windri Handayani, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, Yasuhiko Tabata, Anggraini Barlian Inflammation is a temporary response of the immune system that can be treated using common anti-inflammatory drugs. However, prolonged use of these drugs increases the risk of adverse side effects. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for alternative treatments for inflammation with fewer side effects. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and have been studied as a candidate for cell-free therapy for inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, the focus of exosome research has shifted from animal cell-derived exosomes to plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs). Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) are easier to obtain, have minimal safety concerns, and can be produced in higher quantities and lower cost than exosomes derived from animal cells. In this study, the isolation and analysis of the anti-inflammatory potential of PDENs from black nightshade berries (Solanum nigrum L.) were carried out. The results of isolation and characterization showed that PDENs had a spherical morphology, measuring around 107 nm with zeta potential of -0.6 mV, and had a protein concentration of 275.38 μg/mL. PDENs were also shown to be internalized by RAW264.7 macrophage cell line after 2 hours of incubation and had no cytotoxicity effect up to the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, exposure to several doses of PDENs to the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-6, as well as the expression of IL-6 protein up to 97,28%. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of neral, a monoterpene compound with known anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of PDENs isolated from Solanum nigrum L. berries. Taken together, the present study was the first to isolate and characterize PDENs from Solanum nigrum L. berries. The results of this study also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of PDEN by suppressing the production of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Abstract Background Approximately 32 million pregnant women are at risk of malaria with up to 10,000 maternal deaths and 200,000 neonates at risk annually. Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce disease in pregnancy and adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. At least three doses of SP should be taken by pregnant women during antenatal consultation (ANC) beginning from the thirteenth week of pregnancy till parturition. The aim of this study was to assess uptake of IPT during pregnancy and risk factors for maternal anaemia and infant birth weight in Dschang, West region of Cameroon. Methods A total of 380 consenting pregnant women at delivery were recruited in a cross- sectional prospective survey between January to December 2021. Data on ANC attendance, total dose of IPT and history of malaria were abstracted from hospital ANC records while socio-demographic characteristics, bed net use and obstetrics history of each participant were also recorded through an interview. Further, blood samples were collected from the intervillous space for assessment of maternal anaemia and microscopic parasitology. Nested PCR based on amplification of the Plasmodium 18S sRNA was carried out to detect submicroscopic infection. IPTp coverage was calculated per WHO recommendation and the prevalence of anaemia and low birth weight were estimated as proportions in the total sample of pregnant women and live births, respectively. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate associations between pregnancy outcomes considered and risk factors in specific and general models. A p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLeticia GrezziYamila E. MartínezAnabella A. BarriosÁlvaro DíazCecilia Casaravilla1Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay2Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química/Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay, De'Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Chasinga, T. B., Cikwanine, J.-P. B., Kribi, S., Yoyu, J. T., Hofmann, N., Grossegesse, M., Nitsche, A., Tomczyk, S., Vietor, A. C., Leendertz, F. H., Eckmanns, T., Kusinza, A. B., Munguakonkwa, E., Kalk, A., Raha, M., Kambale, N. S., Ayagirwe, R. B., Schubert, G., Mukwege, D.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectivesHealthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline of combating COVID-19, hence are at elevated risk of contracting an infection with SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to measure the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on HCWs in central sub-Saharan Africa. SettingA cross-sectional serological study was conducted at six urban and five rural hospitals during the first pandemic wave in the South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). ParticipantsSerum specimens from 1029 HCWs employed during the first pandemic wave were collected between August and October 2020, and data on demographics and work-related factors were recorded during structured interviews. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was examined by ELISA. Positive specimens were further tested using a micro-neutralisation assay. Factors driving SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were assessed by multivariable analysis. ResultsOverall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was high among HCWs (33.1%), and significantly higher in urban (41.5%) compared with rural (19.8%) hospitals. Having had presented with COVID-19-like symptoms before was a strong predictor of seropositivity (31.5%). Personal protective equipment (PPE, 88.1% and 11.9%) and alcohol-based hand sanitizer (71.1% and 28.9%) were more often available, and hand hygiene was more often reported after patient contact (63.0% and 37.0%) in urban compared with rural hospitals, respectively. This may suggest that higher exposure during non-work times in high incidence urban areas counteracts higher work protection levels of HCWs. ConclusionsHigh SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity indicates widespread transmission of the virus in this region of DRC. Given the absence of publicly reported cases during the same time period at the rural sites, serological studies are very relevant in revealing infection dynamics especially in regions with low diagnostic capacities. This, and discrepancies in the application of PPE between urban and rural sites, should be considered in future pandemic response programmes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedApolinario, S. F. F., Bam, E. N., Moagi, M.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectiveTo explore and describe senior nursing students’ perspectives on clinical practice during COVID-19 and provide the most up-to-date information on the quality of clinical experience for nursing students in relation to nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research. DesignThe research design that was employed is a qualitative, explorative, descriptive in order to explore and describe nursing students’ perceptions of clinical, training during the COVID-19 pandemic. SettingThe study took place in a local university located in the Northwest province, South Africa. ParticipantsThe population consisted of 16 senior nursing students who had been exposed to clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 14 women and 2 men. Study included full-time, registered undergraduate nursing students who enrolled in 2019. All nursing students who did not engage in clinical practice before or during COVID-19 were exempt. InterventionsThere were no direct interventions in this study; however, few recommendations were made for each of the themes that emerged in this study. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe researchers’ aim with the study was to find out the nursing students’ perspective on clinical training during a global pandemic, through interviews and focus group discussions. The researcher did in fact receive such feedback from the participants. ResultsFour major themes emerged: (1) the lack of preceptors to facilitate clinical teaching; (2) not allowed to work in COVID-19 wards; (3) difficulties with online classes and tests and (4) poor communication. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic influenced how students viewed and experienced clinical training, which in turn had an impact on their learning experiences. These effects also had some impact on their experiences and decisions to continue working as professional nurses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPalstam, A., Seljelid, J., Persson, H. C., Sunnerhagen, K. S.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectiveTo investigate how changes in levels of physical activity (PA) in regard to acute disease severity relate to perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19 infection. DesignAn observational study with an 18-month follow-up survey based on registry data from a national cohort. Participants5464 responders to the 18-month follow-up survey of a Swedish national cohort of 11 955 individuals on sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. OutcomesThe follow-up survey included questions on daily life activities, as well as present and retrospective level of PA. Changes in PA level from before COVID-19 to follow-up were assessed by the Saltin-Grimby PA Level Scale and analysed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons of groups were analysed by the Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and 2. Multiple binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association of changes in PA with perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities. ResultsAmong the 5464 responders (45% of national cohort), the PA level decreased. Hospitalised individuals had a lower PA level both prior to COVID-19 (p=0.035) and at the 18-month follow-up (p=0.008) compared with non-hospitalised responders. However, the level of PA decreased in both groups. A decrease in PA level increased the odds (OR 5.58, 95% CI 4.90 to 6.34) of having difficulties performing daily life activities. ConclusionsPA levels were reduced 18 months after COVID-19 infection. A decrease in PA over that time was associated with perceived difficulties performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19. As PA is important in maintaining health and deconditioning takes time to reverse, this decline may have long-term implications for PA and health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to assess and compare procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis patients. Additionally, we evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of PCT and CRP in distinguishing between Gram-positive (GP) and Gram-negative (GN) bacterial infections. Moreover, we explored the associations of PCT with specific pathogens in this context. Methods The study included 121 consecutive sepsis patients who underwent blood culture testing during the COVID-19 epidemic. PCT and CRP were measured, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for the detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare PCT and CRP between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare PCT and CRP levels in the GN group versus the GP group for assessing the diagnostic efficiency. The kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to assess the impact of specific pathogen groups on PCT concentrations. Results A total of 121 sepsis patients were categorized into a COVID-19 group (n = 25) and a non-COVID-19 group (n = 96). No significant differences in age and gender were observed between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The comparison of biomarkers between these groups showed no statistically significant differences. The optimal cut-off values for PCT and CRP in differentiating between GP and GN infections were 1.03 ng/mL and 34.02 mg/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.689 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.591–0.786) for PCT and 0.611 (95% CI 0.505–0.717) for CRP. The diagnostic accuracy was 69.42% for PCT and 58.69% for CRP. The study found a significant difference in PCT levels among specific groups of pathogens (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background Uganda has a high incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution of TB is an important tool for supporting spatial decision-making, planning, and policy formulations; however, this information is not readily available in Uganda. We determined the spatial distribution and temporal trends of tuberculosis notifications in Uganda, 2013–2022. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely-generated program data reported through the National TB and Leprosy Programme (NTLP) surveillance system. We abstracted data on all TB cases diagnosed from 2013 to 2022 by district and region. We drew choropleth maps for Uganda showing the TB case notification rates (CNR) per 100,000 and calculated the CNR using the cases per district as the numerator and individual district populations as the denominators. Population estimates were obtained from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census, and a national growth rate of 3% was used to estimate the annual population increase. Results Over the entire study period, 568,957 cases of TB were reported in Uganda. There was a 6% annual increase in TB CNR reported from 2013 (134/100,000) to 2022 (213/100,000) (p-value for trend p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Introduction Management of cystic echinococcosis (CE) requires knowledge of certain aspects related to the survival of Echinococcus granulosus. The viability of daughter vesicles (DV) is a determining factor in guiding therapeutic indications, particularly for transiently active Cysts type CE3b. Purpose To determine the predictive factors of DV viability and its impact on the therapeutic management of CE3b type. Materials and methods This is a prospective pilot study with an analytical aim on patients with cystic echinococcosis of the liver type CE2 and CE3b, operated in the General Surgery Department of Habib-Bourguiba Academic Hospital, Sfax-Tunisia for 22 months from March 2018 until December 2019. The unit of the study is the DV. A parasitological study of the DV was done in the parasitology laboratory. Results During the study period, 27 (40.9%) of 66 operated CE Disease from 21 patients containing 248 DV were explored. The median viability of DV protoscoleces was 16.7%. In bivariate analysis, factors for viability of DV protoscoleces were: fever, acute cholangitis, hyperbilirubinemia, left liver location, rock water and bilious echinococcal fluid (EF), cyst size ≥ 43 mm, Intracystic pressure ≥ 35 mmHg, DV size ≥ 6.5 mm, volume, number of DV/cyst ≥ 5, and opaque wall (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKai Guo, Dan J. K. Yombo, Zhihan Wang, Zahrasadat Navaeiseddighi, Jintao Xu, Taylor Schmit, Nassem Ahamad, Jitendra Tripathi, Bony De Kumar, Ramkumar Mathur, Junguk Hur, Jie Sun, Michal A. Olszewski, Nadeem Khan
Science Advances, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Xuejiao Chen, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
by Xuejiao Chen, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung This study examines how household food insecurity shapes young children’s behavior problems in Singapore. The analysis is based on two waves of data collected before and during COVID-19 from a nationally representative sample of 2,601 children in the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (SG-LEADS, Mage = 4.5 at wave 1, Mage = 6 at wave 2). Results based on propensity score matching, fixed effects analysis and lagged-variable models show a positive association between household food insecurity and children’s behavior problems both concurrently and over a two-year period. Two mediating pathways of this association are identified—children’s dietary intake and family stress. Children in food-insecure households tend to consume fewer vegetables and more sugar-sweetened beverages and carbohydrates, which is associated with elevated behavior problems. Parents in food-insecure households exhibit greater emotional distress, diminished parental warmth, and increased punitive parenting practices, also contributing to their children’s behavior problems. The family stress pathway has a stronger explanatory power than the nutrition pathway on children’s behavior problems. This study reveals that food insecurity is a risk factor for children’s behavior problems in early childhood which can lead to later developmental vulnerabilities for children in financially deprived families.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
US life expectancy has risen by 1.1 years, from 76.4 years in 2021 to 77.5 years in 2022, according to provisional data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. Yet the increase does not cancel out the 2.4-year decrease in life expectancy that occurred between 2019 and 2021, due in large part to excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYingxing LiXiao ChenWeili ZhangKefan FangJingjing TianFangyuan LiMingfei HanJingjing HuangTianshu SunFan BaiMei ChengYingchun Xu1Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China2Biomedical Engineering Facility of National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China3Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China4Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China5Clinical Biobank, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China6National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China7Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China8Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, Jared A. Silverman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Alexandra J. Zimmer, Saskia den Boon, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Daniela M. Cirillo, Frank Cobelens, Stephen H. Gillespie, Payam Nahid, Patrick P. Phillips, Morten Ruhwald, Claudia M. Denkinger
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
The current tools for tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring, smear microscopy and culture, cannot accurately predict poor treatment outcomes. Research into new TB treatment monitoring tools (TMT) is growing, but data are unreliable. In this document, we aim to provide guidance for studies investigating and evaluating TB TMT for use during routine clinical care. Here, a TB TMT would guide treatment during the course of therapy, rather test for cure at the regimen’s end. This document does not cover the use of TB TMTs as surrogate endpoints in the clinical trial context.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLesaine, E., Francis, F., Domecq, S., Miganeh-Hadi, S., Sevin, F., Sibon, I., Rouanet, F., Pradeau, C., Coste, P., Cetran, L., Vandentorren, S., Saillour, F., AVICOVID group, Faucheux, Leca Radu, Seignolles, Chazalon, Dan, Lucas, Peron, Wong-So, Martinez, Nocon, Hostyn, Papin, Bordier, Casenave, Maillard, Ondze, Argacha, Tidahy, Ferraton, Mostefai, Demasles, Hubrecht, Bakpa, Bartou, Bannier, Bernady, Ellie, Higue, Marnat, Berge, Goze-Dupuy, Lavocat, Senis, Delonglee, Darraillans, Mokni, Bataille, Lorendeau, Eclancher, Trogoff, Chartroule, Touchard, Leyral, Ngounou, Scouarnec, Orcival, Goulois, Heydel, Tahon, Py, Bidian, Fabre, Cherhabil, Baha, Fort, Maisonnave, Verhoeven, Claveries, Ansart, Lefevre, Liepa, Lacrouts, Coustere, Fournier, Jarnier, Delarche, Banos, Marque, Karsenty, Perron, Leymarie, Hassan, Casteigt, Larnaudie, Combes, Laplace
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate whether the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a deterioration in the quality of care for socially and/or clinically vulnerable stroke and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. DesignTwo cohorts of STEMI and stroke patients in the Aquitaine neurocardiovascular registry. SettingSix emergency medical services, 30 emergency units, 14 hospitalisation units and 11 catheterisation laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France. ParticipantsThis study involved 9218 patients (6436 stroke and 2782 STEMI patients) in the neurocardiovascular registry from January 2019 to August 2020. Primary outcome measuresCare management times in both cohorts: first medical contact-to-procedure time for the STEMI cohort and emergency unit admission-to-imaging time for the stroke cohort. Associations between social (deprivation index) and clinical (age >65 years, neurocardiovascular history) vulnerabilities and care management times were analysed using multivariate linear mixed models, with an interaction on the time period (pre-wave, per-wave and post-first COVID-19 wave). ResultsThe first medical contact procedure time was longer for elderly (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTakada, T., Yano, T., Fujiishi, R., Fujii, K., Honjo, H., Miyajima, M., Hamaguchi, S., Fukuhara, S.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesIn older patients, the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is challenging. The aim was to evaluate the added value of CT to history, physical examination and urinalysis for the diagnosis of APN in older patients with suspected infection with an unknown focus. DesignRetrospective diagnostic study. SettingDepartment of General Medicine in an acute care hospital in Japan. ParticipantsPatients aged ≥65 years who underwent blood cultures, a urine culture, and chest and abdominal CT to detect the focus of infection were included. Primary outcome measuresTwo radiologists independently reviewed four non-contrast CT signs: perirenal fat stranding, pelvicalyceal wall thickening, enlargement of the kidney and thickening of Gerota’s fascia. Findings on contrast-enhanced CT could not be evaluated due to an insufficient number of patients in whom contrast-enhanced CT was performed. An expert panel was used as the reference standard for APN. The added value of CT findings was quantified by comparing the diagnostic performance between a model based on 10 predictors available before CT and an extended model including the CT findings. ResultsOf 473 patients, 61 (14.8%) were diagnosed with APN. When the laterality of the CT findings was taken into account, the model fit was not improved by adding them. In the laterality-insensitive analysis, the model performance was significantly improved by adding the CT signs (likelihood-ratio test p=0.03; c-index 0.89 vs 0.91, p=0.03). However, their clinical utility was only to improve the classification of 11.5% of patients with APN. ConclusionsThe added value of non-contrast CT findings to history, physical examination and urinalysis was limited for the diagnosis of APN in older patients with a suspected infection with an unknown focus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStuart, B., Venekamp, R., Hounkpatin, H., Wilding, S., Moore, M., Little, P., Gulliford, M. C.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesInfections in primary care are often treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study evaluates whether NSAID prescribing is associated with adverse outcomes for respiratory (RTIs) or urinary track (UTI) infections. ObjectivesTo determine whether there is an association between NSAID prescribing and the rate of adverse outcomes for infections for individual consulting in primary care. DesignCohort study of electronic health records. Setting87 general practices in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD. Participants142 925 patients consulting with RTI or UTI. Primary and secondary outcome measuresRepeat consultations, hospitalisation or death within 30 days of the initial consultation for RTI or UTI. Poisson models estimated the associations between NSAID exposure and outcome. Rate ratios were adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, deprivation, antibiotic use, seasonal influenza vaccination status, comorbidities and general practice. Since prescribing variations by practice are not explained by case mix—hence, less impacted by confounding by indication—both individual-level and practice-level analyses are included. ResultsThere was an increase in hospital admission/death for acute NSAID prescriptions (RR 2.73, 95% CI 2.10 to 3.56) and repeated NSAID prescriptions (6.47, 4.46–9.39) in RTI patients, and for acute NSAID prescriptions for UTI (RR 3.03; 1.92 to 4.76). Practice-level analysis, controlling for practice population characteristics, found that for each percentage point increase in NSAID prescription, the percentages of hospital admission/death within 30 days increased by 0.32 percentage points (95% CI 0.16 to 0.47). ConclusionsIn this non-randomised study, prescription of NSAIDs at consultations for RTI or UTIs in primary care is infrequent but may be associated with increased risk of hospital admission. This supports other observational and limited trial data that NSAID prescribing might be associated with worse outcomes following acute infection and should be prescribed with caution.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQian, C., Chen, Q., Lin, W., Li, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Luan, L., Zheng, B., Zhao, G., Tian, J., Zhang, T.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesTo depict the seasonality and age variations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in the context of the COVID-19 impact. DesignRetrospective cohort study. ParticipantsThe observational cohort study was conducted at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 and involved 132 797 children born in 2017 or 2018. They were followed and identified CAP episodes by screening on the Health Information Systems of outpatients and inpatients in the same hospital. OutcomeThe CAP episodes were defined when the diagnoses coded as J09–J18 or J20–J22. The incidence of CAP was estimated stratified by age, sex, birth year, health status group, season and month, and the rate ratio was calculated and adjusted by a quasi-Poisson regression model. Stratified analysis of incidence of CAP by birth month was conducted to understand the age and seasonal variation. ResultsThe overall incidence of CAP among children aged ≤5 years was 130.08 per 1000 person years. Children aged ≤24 months have a higher CAP incidence than those aged >24 months (176.84 vs 72.04 per 1000 person years, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCankardas, S., Tagiyeva-Milne, N., Loiseau, M., Naughton, A., Grylli, C., Sammut - Scerri, C., Pivoriene, J., Schöggl, J., Pantazidou, A., Quantin, C., Mora-Theuer, E. A.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
IntroductionWhile the factors commonly associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment (CM) were found to be increased during COVID-19, reports of actual maltreatment showed varying trends. Similarly, evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on CM within the European Cooperation on Science and Technology and Network Collaborative (COST) Action countries remains inconsistent. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of evidence pertaining to CM within the countries affiliated with the Child Abuse and Neglect in Europe Action Network (Euro-CAN), funded by the COST. Methods and analysisKey electronic databases were searched to identify eligible papers, reports and other material published between January 2020 and April 2023: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Scopus and Web of Science. To cover the breadth of evidence, a systematic and broad search strategy was applied using a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary for four concepts: children, maltreatment, COVID-19 and Euro-CAN countries, without restrictions on study design or language. Grey literature was searched in OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text publications for eligibility and undertake data extraction, using a customised grid. The screening criteria and data charting will be piloted by the research team. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews will be followed to present the results. Results will be summarised in a tabular form and narratively. Ethics and disseminationThis review will identify and summarise publicly available data, without requiring ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated to the Euro-CAN Network and reported to the COST Association. They will also be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 127-132
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSainan Wang, Lina Davies Forsman, Chunhua Xu, Haoyue Zhang, Yue Zhu, Ge Shao, Shanshan Wang, Jiayi Cao, Haiyan Xiong, Katarina Niward, Thomas Schön, Judith Bruchfeld, Limei Zhu, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Yi Hu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health problem [1]. The introduction of new (bedaquiline) and repurposed drugs (linezolid and clofazimine) is expected to improve treatment outcomes [2], but adverse events (AEs) related to these drugs have been frequently reported during the long-term MDR-TB treatment [3]. As many as 8.4% of patients with MDR-TB experienced serious AEs, including corrected QT interval by Fridericia\'s formula (QTcF) above 500ms, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney/liver failure, resulting in treatment failure, as well as major morbidity and even death [2, 3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Changing patterns of respiratory infections have been seen again in 2024. Disease incidence shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdowns and social distancing, which slowed down pathogen circulation and the development of immunity at a population level. Influenza and RSV have settled into a more traditional pattern this year, but tuberculosis and pneumonia incidence remains unusual.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTom M Gresnigt, Mustapha Kabba, Souheil Boubia, Rehginah Davies, Marta Lado, Mark I Kapuwa, Peter S Coleman, Trésor Mabanza, Kebede Gofer, Diego Gonzalez-Rivas
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Sierra Leone and Liberia are two west African countries which share a common history of brutal civil war in the 1990s, and the Ebola epidemic during 2014–16. Sierra Leone lost 7% of health-care workers due to Ebola, and Liberia lost 8%. This loss substantially affected the already fragile health-care systems, highlighting that the impact of Ebola extended beyond direct morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErin E. Hahn, Marina Alexander, Jiri Stiller, Peter M. Grewe, Clare E. Holleley
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
by Erin E. Hahn, Marina Alexander, Jiri Stiller, Peter M. Grewe, Clare E. Holleley Formalin fixation of natural history specimens and histopathological material has historically been viewed as an impediment to successful genomic analysis. However, the development of extraction methods specifically tailored to contend with heavily crosslinked archival tissues, re-contextualises millions of previously overlooked specimens as viable molecular assets. Here, we present an easy-to-follow protocol for screening archival wet specimens for molecular viability and subsequent genomic DNA extraction suitable for sequencing. The protocol begins with non-destructive assessment of specimen degradation and preservation media conditions to allow both museum curators and researchers to select specimens most likely to yield an acceptable proportion (20–60%) of mappable endogenous DNA during short-read DNA sequencing. The extraction protocol uses hot alkaline lysis in buffer (0.1M NaOH, 1% SDS, pH 13) to simultaneously lyse and de-crosslink the tissue. To maximise DNA recovery, phenol:chloroform extraction is coupled with a small-fragment optimised SPRI bead clean up. Applied to well-preserved archival tissues, the protocol can yield 1–2 μg DNA per 50 mg of tissue with mean fragment sizes typically ranging from 50–150 bp, which is suitable to recover genomic DNA sufficient to reconstruct complete mitochondrial genomes and achieve up to 25X nuclear genome coverage. We provide guidance for read mapping to a reference genome and discuss the limitations of relying on small fragments for SNP genotyping and de novo genome assembly. This protocol opens the door to broader-scale genetic and phylogenetic analysis of historical specimens, contributing to a deeper understanding of evolutionary trends and adaptation in response to changing environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHayes, E., Yogeeswaran, K., Zubielevitch, E., Lee, C. H. J., Cording, J., Sibley, C. G.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
ObjectivesVaccinations are an important preventative measure in reducing the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. However, concerns of undervaccination during childhood have become increasingly common. The current study aims to investigate changes in attitudes towards childhood vaccinations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using a national sample from New Zealand. DesignAge-based, period-based, and cohort-based changes were assessed using cohort-sequential latent growth modelling in 11 overlapping birth cohorts, which spanned the ages of 23–79 years. Setting and participantsData were taken from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study where 58 654 adults completed at least one wave across a 7-year period (2013 and 2015–2019). ResultsThe period-based and cohort-based models fit the data equally well (2(282)=8547.93, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuarchaj, M., Tschida, S., Milian Chew, J. P., Aguilar, A., Flood, D., Fort, M. P., Morales, L. C., Mendoza Montano, C., Rodriguez Serrano, S. N., Rohloff, P.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has impacted globally the care of chronic diseases. However, direct evidence from certain vulnerable communities, such as Indigenous communities in Latin America, is missing. We use observational data from a health district that primarily serves people of Maya K’iche’ ethnicity to examine the care of type 2 diabetes in Guatemala during the pandemic. MethodsWe used a parallel convergent mixed methods design. Quantitative data (n=142 individuals with diabetes) included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, body mass index and questionnaires on diabetes knowledge, self-care and diabetes distress. Quantitative data was collected at two points, at baseline and after COVID restrictions were lifted. For quantitative outcomes, we constructed multilevel mixed effects models with multiple imputation for missing data. Qualitative data included interviews with providers, supervisors and individuals living with diabetes (n=20). We conducted thematic framework analysis using an inductive approach. ResultsQuantitative data was collected between June 2019 and February 2021, with a median of 487 days between data collection points. HbA1c worsened +0.54% (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.94) and knowledge about diabetes decreased –3.54 points (95% CI, –4.56 to –2.51). Qualitatively, the most important impact of the pandemic was interruption of the regular timing of home visits and peer group meetings which were the standard of care. ConclusionsThe deterioration of diabetes care was primarily attributed to the loss of regular contact with healthcare workers. The results emphasize the vulnerability of rural and Indigenous populations in Latin America to the suspension of chronic disease care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGmanyami, J. M., Jarynowski, A., Belik, V., Lambert, O., Amuasi, J., Quentin, W.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by a massive death toll. However, the overall effect of the pandemic, including potential unintended negative impacts of some control measures, on mortality remains poorly understood in low-income and lower middle-income countries (LLMICs). This review aims to summarise the available literature on excess mortality in LLMICs, focusing on the methods and data sources used in estimating excess mortality and the drivers of excess mortality. Methods and analysisWe will review the available literature and report results in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Scopus. All published studies that report on the estimates of excess mortality in populations of LLMICs will be included. This will include those with a publication date from 2019 onwards and those with at least a 1-year non-COVID-19 period as the comparator in the estimation of excess mortality during the pandemic. There will be no language restrictions on the search. The meta-analysis will include studies with extractable data on excess mortality, methods, population size, and observed and expected deaths. We will use the Mantel-Haenszel method to estimate the pooled risk ratio with 95% CIs. Ethics and disseminationAs there is no primary data collection, there is no requirement for ethical review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022378267.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background More efficient and convenient diagnostic method is a desperate need to reduce the burden of tuberculosis (TB). This study explores the multiple cytokines secretion based on QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), and screens for optimal cytokines with diagnostic potential to differentiate TB infection status. Methods Twenty active tuberculosis (ATB) patients, fifteen patients with latent TB infection (LTBI), ten patients with previous TB and ten healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Whole blood samples were collected and stimulated by QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 antigens. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-5, IL-10, IP-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL-1 and MCP-1 in supernatant were measured by Luminex bead-based multiplex assays. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytokine for distinguishing different TB infection status. Results After stimulation with QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 antigens, the levels of all cytokines, except IL-5 in TB2 tube, in ATB group were significantly higher than that in HC group. The levels of IL-1Ra concurrently showed the equally highest AUC for distinguishing TB infection from HC, followed by the levels of IP-10 in both TB1 tube and TB2 tube. Moreover, IP-10 levels displayed the largest AUC for distinguishing ATB patients from non-ATB patients. Meanwhile, the levels of IP-10 also demonstrated the largest AUC in both TB1 tube and TB2 tube for distinguishing ATB patients from LTBI. Conclusions In addition to conventional detection of IFN-γ, measuring IP-10 and IL-1Ra based on QFT-Plus may have the more tremendous potential to discriminate different TB infection status.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background In the context of increasing population aging, ongoing drug-resistant pathogens and the COVID-19 epidemic, the changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with pneumonia remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the trends in hospitalization, case fatality, comorbidities, and isolated pathogens of pneumonia-related adult inpatients in Guangzhou during the last decade. Methods We retrospectively enrolled hospitalized adults who had doctor-diagnosed pneumonia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. A natural language processing system was applied to automatically extract the clinical data from electronic health records. We evaluated the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations in total hospitalizations, pneumonia-related in-hospital case fatality, comorbidities, and species of isolated pathogens during the last decade. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictors for patients with prolonged length of stay (LOS). Results A total of 38,870 cases were finally included in this study, with 70% males, median age of 64 (53, 73) years and median LOS of 7.9 (5.1, 12.8) days. Although the number of pneumonia-related hospitalizations showed an upward trend, the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations decreased from 199.6 per 1000 inpatients in 2013 to 123.4 per 1000 in 2021, and the case fatality decreased from 50.2 per 1000 in 2013 to 23.9 per 1000 in 2022 (all P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background A major epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) occurred in India from March to July 2021, resulting in 19 million documented cases. Given the limited healthcare and testing capacities, the actual number of infections is likely to have been greater than reported, and several modelling studies and excess mortality research indicate that this epidemic involved substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods To estimate the incidence during this epidemic, we used border entry screening data in Japan to estimate the daily incidence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infection in India. Analysing the results of mandatory testing among non-Japanese passengers entering Japan from India, we calculated the prevalence and then backcalculated the incidence in India from February 28 to July 3, 2021. Results The estimated number of infections ranged from 448 to 576 million people, indicating that 31.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1, 37.7) – 40.9% (95% CI: 33.5, 48.4) of the population in India had experienced COVID-19 infection from February 28 to July 3, 2021. In addition to obtaining cumulative incidence that was consistent with published estimates, we showed that the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection during the 2021 epidemic in India was approximately 30 times greater than that based on documented cases, giving a crude infection fatality risk of 0.47%. Adjusting for test-negative certificate before departure, the quality control of which was partly questionable, the cumulative incidence can potentially be up to 2.3–2.6 times greater than abovementioned estimates. Conclusions Our estimate of approximately 32–41% cumulative infection risk from February 28 to July 3, 2021 is roughly consistent with other published estimates, and they can potentially be greater, given an exit screening before departure. The present study results suggest the potential utility of border entry screening data to backcalculate the incidence in countries with limited surveillance capacity owing to a major surge in infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Personalized clinical management of spondylodiscitis (SD) and isolated spinal epidural empyema (ISEE) is challenging due to limited evidence of microbiologic findings and their clinical impact during the clinical course of the disease. We aimed to characterize clinico-microbiological and imaging phenotypes of SD and ISEE to provide useful insights that could improve outcomes and potentially modify guidelines. Methods We performed chart review and collected data on the following parameters: bacterial antibiogram-resistogram, type of primary spinal infection, location of spinal infection, source of infection, method of detection, clinical complications (sepsis, septic embolism, and endocarditis), length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, relapse rate, and disease-related mortality in patients with proven pyogenic SD and ISEE treated surgically in a university hospital in Germany between 2002 and 2022. Results We included data from 187 patients (125 SD, 66.8% and 62 ISEE, 33.2%). Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) were overall more frequently detected than gram-negative bacteria (GNB) (GPB: 162, 86.6% vs. GNB: 25, 13.4%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. Co-infection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to poor prognosis of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, reports on patients co-infected with avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. Case presentation A 52-year-old woman presented with a fever, which has persisted for the past eight days, along with worsening shortness of breath and decreased blood pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an air bronchogram, lung consolidation, and bilateral pleural effusion. The subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed positivity for H5N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Conclusion The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of the patient had a predomination of H5N1 influenza rather than COVID-19. A PCR analysis for the identification of the virus is necessary to reveal the pathogen causing the severe pneumonia. The patient exhibited an excellent prognosis upon the use of the appropriate antiviral medicine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Differences between urban and rural contexts in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, geographical features and risk perceptions may lead to disparities in coverage and related outcomes of community-based preventive interventions, such as seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). This study investigated urban–rural differences in SMC coverage and other programme outcomes, as well as child and caregiver characteristics of target populations in nine implementing states in Nigeria during the 2022 SMC round. Methods This is a comparative cross-sectional study based on comprehensive end-of-round household surveys conducted in nine states where SMC was delivered in Nigeria in 2022. Data of 11,880 caregiver-child pairs were included in the analysis. Rural-urban differences in SMC outcomes and child and caregiver characteristics were assessed, first by using Pearsons’ chi-square test for independence for categorical variables. Univariate multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models, with random intercepts for cluster units, were used to quantify the strength of association between location and each SMC coverage and related outcomes. Results Significant urban-rural differences were observed in caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, gender, level of education, occupation status and health-seeking behaviour for febrile childhood illnesses. Disparities were also seen in terms of SMC coverage and related outcomes, with lower odds of the receipt of Day 1 dose direct observation of the administration of Day 1 dose by community distributors, receipt of the full three-day course of SMC medicines and receipt of SMC in all cycles of the annual round among children residing in urban areas, compared with those residing in rural areas. Similarly, urban-dwelling caregivers had lower odds of being knowledgeable of SMC and believing in the protective effect of SMC than rural-dwelling caregivers. Conclusion Findings highlight observable urban-rural disparities in SMC programme delivery and related outcomes, as well as target population characteristics, underscoring the need for context-specific strategies to ensure optimal delivery of SMC and improve programme implementation outcomes in urban settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract In Southeast Asia malaria elimination is targeted by 2030. Cambodia aims to achieve this by 2025, driven in large part by the urgent need to control the spread of artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria infections. Rapid elimination depends on sustaining early access to diagnosis and effective treatment. In much of Cambodia, rapid elimination will rely on a village malaria worker (VMW) network. Yet as malaria declines and is no longer a common cause of febrile illness, VMWs may become less popular with febrile patients, as VMWs do not diagnose or treat other conditions at present. There is a risk that VMWs become inactive and malaria rebounds before the complete interruption of transmission is achieved. During 2021–23 a large-scale operational research study was conducted in western Cambodia to explore how a VMW network could be sustained by including health activities that cover non-malarial illnesses to encourage febrile patients to continue to attend. 105 VMWs received new rapid diagnostic tests (including dengue antigen–antibody and combined malaria/C-reactive protein tests), were trained in electronic data collection, and attended health education packages on hygiene and sanitation, disease surveillance and first aid, management of mild illness, and vaccination and antenatal care. In August 2023 the National Malaria Control Programme of Cambodia convened a stakeholder meeting in Battambang, Cambodia. Findings from the study were reviewed in the context of current malaria elimination strategies. The discussions informed policy options to sustain the relevance of the VMW network in Cambodia, and the potential for its integration with other health worker networks. This expansion could ensure VMWs remain active and relevant until malaria elimination is accomplished.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThornhill, John Patrick; Fox, Julie; Martin, Genevieve Elizabeth; Hall, Rebecca; Lwanga, Julianne; Lewis, Heather; Brown, Helen; Robinson, Nicola; Kuldanek, Kristen; Kinloch, Sabine; Nwokolo, Nneka; Whitlock, Gary; Fidler, Sarah; Frater, John
AIDS, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Objective: :We present findings from a large cohort of individuals treated during Primary HIV Infection (PHI) and examine the impact of time from HIV-1 acquisition to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on clinical outcomes. We also examine the temporal changes in the demographics of individuals presenting with PHI to inform HIV-1 prevention strategies. Methods: :Individuals who fulfilled the criteria of PHI and started ART within three months of confirmed HIV-1 diagnosis were enrolled between 2009 and 2020. Baseline demographics of those diagnosed between 2009–2015 (before preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and universal ART availability) and 2015–2020 (post-PrEP and universal ART availability) were compared. We examined the factors associated with immune recovery and time to viral suppression. Results: :204 individuals enrolled, 144 from 2009–2015 and 90 from 2015–2020; median follow-up was 33 months. At PHI, the median age was 33 years; 4% were women, 39% were UK-born, and 84% were MSM. The proportion of UK-born individuals was 47% in 2009–2015, compared with 29% in 2015–2020. There was an association between earlier ART initiation after PHI diagnosis and increased immune recovery; each day that ART was delayed was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving a CD4>900 cells/mm3 [HR 0.99 (95%CI 0.98, 0.99), P = 0.02) and CD4/CD8>1.0 (HR 0.98 (95%CI 0.97, 0.99). Conclusion: :Early initiation of ART at PHI diagnosis is associated with enhanced immune recovery, providing further evidence to support immediate ART in the context of PHI. Non-UK-born MSM accounts for an increasing proportion of those with primary infection; UK HIV-1 prevention strategies should better target this group. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedByrd, Kathy K.; Buchacz, Kate; Crim, Stacy M.; Beer, Linda; Lu, Jen-Feng; Dasgupta, Sharoda
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Background: Approximately two in five persons with HIV (PWH) in the United States are aged ≥55 years. HIV ancillary services, such as case management and transportation services, can help older PWH remain engaged in care. We used data from the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) to describe the prevalence of unmet needs for ancillary services among persons with diagnosed HIV aged ≥55 years. Setting: Medical Monitoring Project is an annual cross-sectional study that reports representative estimates on adults with diagnosed HIV in the United States. Methods: We used MMP data collected during 6/2019–5/2021 to calculate weighted percentages of cisgender men and cisgender women with HIV aged ≥55 years with unmet needs for ancillary services, overall and by selected characteristics (N=3,200). Unmet need was defined as needing but not receiving a given ancillary service. We assessed differences between groups using prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with predicted marginal means. Results: Overall, 37.7% of cisgender men and women with HIV aged ≥55 years had ≥1 unmet need for ancillary services. Overall, 16.6% had ≥1 unmet need for HIV support services, 26.9% for non-HIV medical services, and 26.7% for subsistence services. There were no statistically significant differences in unmet needs for services by gender. The prevalence of ≥1 unmet need was higher among non-White persons (PR range: 1.35–1.63), persons who experienced housing instability (PR=1.70), and those without any private insurance (PR range: 1.49–1.83). Conclusion: A large percentage of older PWH have unmet needs for ancillary services. Given the challenges that older PWH face related to the interaction of HIV and aging-associated factors, deficits in the provision of ancillary services should be addressed. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamírez-Ortiz, Daisy; Jean-Gilles, Michele; Sheehan, Diana M.; Ladner, Robert; Li, Tan; Trepka, Mary Jo
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Background: Racial/ethnic minority groups with HIV in the United States are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences and can significantly benefit from increased uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This study identified factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV. Setting: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Methods: Data were collected from 299 RWP adult clients during January–March 2022 using a cross-sectional phone survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were weighted to be representative of the race/ethnicity and sex distribution of clients in the RWP. Results: Eighty-four percent of participants were fully vaccinated with a primary vaccine series; stratified by race/ethnicity, the percentages were 88.9% of Hispanic, 72.0% of Black/African American, and 67.5% of Haitian participants. Fully vaccinated participants were less likely to be Black/African American than Hispanic (aOR=0.18; 95% CI=0.05-0.67) and more likely to not endorse any misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines (aOR=8.26; 95% CI=1.38-49.64), to report encouragement to get vaccinated from sources of information (aOR=20.82; 95% CI=5.84-74.14), and to perceive that more than 50% of their social network was vaccinated (aOR=3.35; 95% CI=1.04-10.71). Experiences of healthcare discrimination, structural barriers to access vaccines, and recommendations from HIV providers were not associated with full vaccination. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of delivering accurate and positive messages about vaccines and engaging social networks to promote COVID-19 vaccination among PWH. This information can be leveraged to promote uptake of subsequent boosters and other recommended vaccines. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaba, C., Atamo, A., Gebretsadik Weldehanna, D., Oli, A., Debela, S. A., Luke, A. O., Gebrehiwot, M.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectiveNon-compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) is one of the global public health problems particularly among those frontline healthcare workers. However, there are no detailed investigations on COVID-19 IPC compliance among healthcare workers in conflict-affected settings. The objective of this research was to assess compliance with COVID-19 IPC measures and determine the factors associated with it among healthcare providers in Ethiopian governmental hospitals affected by conflict. DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out within institutional settings. Study setting and periodThe study was conducted in three public hospitals located in northeastern Ethiopia during the period of March to April 2022. ParticipantsSimple random sampling technique was used to select 325 healthcare workers after proportional allocation was made to each public hospital. Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with the lack of adherence to the COVID-19 IPC protocol. ResultsNearly half (150, 46.2%) of the healthcare workers had non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC protocol. Absence of hand washing soap (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.99; 95% CI 2.46 to 5.76), workload (AOR=2.25; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.84), disruption in the supply of piped water (AOR=1.82; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.99), did not undergo training in COVID-19 IPC (AOR=2.85; 95% CI 1.85 to 4.84), absence of COVID-19 IPC guidelines (AOR=2.14; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.13) and chewing khat (AOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.72) were determinant factors for non-compliance. ConclusionsThe magnitude of non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC was high. Hospital managers and federal ministry of health should provide regular training on COVID-19 IPC, continuous piped water and personal protective facilities for healthcare workers. Ultimately, improving the security situation in the area would help improve COVID-19 IPC compliance among healthcare workers in these and other similar conflict-affected settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRostomian, L., Chiloyan, A., Hentschel, E., Messerlian, C.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionArmed conflict worldwide and across history has harmed the health of populations directly and indirectly, including generations beyond those immediately exposed to violence. The 2020 war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, inhabited by an ethnically Armenian population, provides an example of how conflict harmed health during COVID-19. We hypothesised that crises exposure would correspond to decreased healthcare utilisation rates and worse health outcomes for the maternal and infant population in Armenia, compounded during the pandemic. MethodsFollowing a mixed-methods approach, we used ecological data from 1980 to 2020 to evaluate health trends in conflict, measured as battle-related deaths (BRDs), COVID-19 cases, and maternal and infant health indicators during periods of conflict and peace in Armenia. We also interviewed 10 key informants about unmet needs, maternal health-seeking behaviours and priorities during the war, collecting recommendations to mitigate the effects of future crisis on maternal and infant health. We followed a deductive coding approach to analyse transcripts and harvest themes. ResultsBRDs totalled more in the 2020 war compared with the previous Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts. Periods of active conflict between 1988–2020 were associated with increased rates of sick newborn mortality, neonatal mortality and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Weekly average COVID-19 cases increased sevenfold during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Key informants expressed concerns about the effects of stress and grief on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes and recommended investing in healthcare system reform. Participants also stressed the synergistic effects of the war and COVID-19, noting healthcare capacity concerns and the importance of a strong primary care system. ConclusionsMaternal and infant health measures showed adverse trends during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, potentially amplified by the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate effects of future crises on population health in Armenia, informants recommended investments in healthcare system reform focused on primary care and health promotion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSiy, W., Sicat, Z. M., Bautista, T. M., Formalejo, A., Gatdula, M. E., Ico, A. A., Julian, C. J., Pabion, M. C., Reyes, J. L., Santander, N. M.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionThe abrupt transition of the mode of learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increase in complaints of musculoskeletal (MSK) discomfort among students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Inadequate physical space and equipment are one major cause of these complaints. Among HEIs, physical therapy (PT) students have sufficient background in managing MSK discomforts. However, this does not prevent them from experiencing pain and discomfort during online classes. This analytical cross-sectional study aims to determine the correlation between ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among first-year to fourth-year PT students. Methods and analysisThe study will use two questionnaires, the Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, that determine the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort, respectively. This will be disseminated to 144 students through google forms. Results will then be analysed using Pearson Correlation Test. The study anticipates a correlation between the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among the participants. Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the University of Santo Tomas-College of Rehabilitation Sciences Ethics Review Committee. The participants will receive the results prior to publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Trial registration numberPhilippine Health Research Registry with registry ID PHRR230216-005443.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSnoek, L., van Kassel, M. N., Koelman, D. L. H., van der Ende, A., van Sorge, N. M., Brouwer, M. C., van de Beek, D., Bijlsma, M. W.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the recurrence rate of culture-positive bacterial meningitis in children in the Netherlands. DesignNationwide surveillance study, using the database of the Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis to identify patients with culture-positive bacterial meningitis during childhood. SettingThe study was based in the Netherlands. ParticipantsA total of 9731 children with a first bacterial meningitis episode between 1 July 1987 and 30 June 2019 were identified. Primary and secondary outcome measuresRecurrence was defined as a subsequent episode >28 days, or caused by a different pathogen. Annual incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the periods 1988–2003 and 2004–2019 were calculated. Predictors of recurrent meningitis were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. ResultsSixty-three (0.6%) of the 9731 children with a first bacterial meningitis episode contracted recurrent meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis was the leading pathogen for first meningitis episodes (52%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae for recurrent episodes (52%). The median annual incidence of first episodes per 100 000 children decreased from 11.81 (IQR 11.26–17.60) in 1988–2003 to 2.60 (IQR 2.37–4.07) in 2004–2019 (IRR 0.25, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.26). The incidence of recurrences did not change: 0.06 (IQR 0.02–0.11) in 1988–2003 to 0.03 (IQR 0.00–0.06) in 2004–2019 (IRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.1). Age above 5 years (OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.5 to 8.3)) and a first episode due to Escherichia coli (OR 25.7 (95% CI 7.2 to 92.0)) were associated with higher risks of recurrence. ConclusionThe recurrence rate of childhood bacterial meningitis in the Netherlands was 0.6%. While the incidence rate of first episodes decreased substantially, this was not the case for recurrent episodes. Older age and a first episode due to E. coli were associated with higher recurrence risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCai, L., Chen, H., Wei, Y., Guo, X., Zheng, H., Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, G., Dai, M., Ye, J., Zhou, H., Xu, D., Huang, F., Fan, Z., Xu, N., Shi, P., Xuan, L., Feng, R., Liu, X., Sun, J., Liu, Q., Wei, X.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectiveThis study was to explore the changes in bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) before and during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. DesignRetrospective cohort study between 2018 and 2021. SettingThe largest haematological centre in southern China. ResultsA total of 599 episodes of BSI occurring in 22 717 inpatients from January 2018 to December 2021 were analysed. The frequencies of the total, Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSI before and during the pandemic were 2.90% versus 2.35% (p=0.011), 2.49% versus 1.77% (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHou, J., Li, M., Han, J., Yu, S., Jia, X., Sun, F., Zhang, Y.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disease burden in China. However, there is a lack of prospective cohort studies suitable for evaluating early organ damage and its role in preventing and reducing cardiovascular risk among Chinese residents. This study intends to establish the first database based on the phenotypes of all early structural and functional damage of cardiovascular organs in Chinese population. Moreover, a digital follow-up mechanism will be formed, a prospective population cohort will be established, a biological sample bank for early cardiovascular organ damage will be established, and an intervention and management system for early damage of cardiovascular organs will be explored. Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective cohort study built on the foundation of the Northern Shanghai Study I. People aged 18–75 years are enrolled. After the recruitment, first, corresponding physical measurements and clinical examinations are conducted to collect cardiovascular risk factors and establish the demographic baseline of the study population. Next, the latest equipment is used to evaluate early structural and functional cardiovascular organ damage including heart, macrovessels, microcirculation, renal function and fundus. Meanwhile, the blood, urine, faeces and other biological samples of participants are collected to establish the cardiometabolic and gut microbiota analysis databases. The population is followed up every 2 years. Comprehensive assessment of early organ damage will be used to predict cardiovascular risk, guide people to change lifestyles to achieve early prevention and provide corresponding treatment recommendations. Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Institutional Review Board. All participants signed a written consent form. The results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. Ethics approval: SHYS-IEC-5.0/22k148/P01. Trial registration numberNCT05435898.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed