Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102747
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102725
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102728
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102595
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102594
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102446
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102398
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102384
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102371
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102341
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102345
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102328
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102294
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102295
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102276
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102273
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102263
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102218
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102176
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102174
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102148
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102120
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102115
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102106
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102051
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102015
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#102009
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101997
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101981
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101903
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101889
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101862
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101770
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101695
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101670
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101520
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101481
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101504
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101457
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101432
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101388
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101381
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101265
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101251
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101154
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101114
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101055
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#101033
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#100937
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=influenza&setpoint=75241#100856
Søgeord (influenza) valgt.
612 emner vises.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
Abstract Background Hospital-acquired influenza (HAI) is under-recognized despite its high morbidity and poor health outcomes. The early detection of HAI is crucial for curbing its transmission in hospital settings. Aim This study aimed to investigate factors related to HAI, develop predictive models, and subsequently compare them to identify the best performing machine learning algorithm for predicting the occurrence of HAI. Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in 2022 and included 111 HAI and 73,748 non-HAI patients from the 2011–2012 and 2019–2020 influenza seasons. General characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory and chest X-ray results, and room information within the electronic medical record were analysed. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques were used to construct the predictive models. Employing randomized allocation, 80% of the dataset constituted the training set, and the remaining 20% comprised the test set. The performance of the developed models was assessed using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the count of false negatives (FN), and the determination of feature importance. Results Patients with HAI demonstrated notable differences in general characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory findings, chest X-ray result, and room status compared to non-HAI patients. Among the developed models, the RF model demonstrated the best performance taking into account both the AUC (83.3%) and the occurrence of FN (four). The most influential factors for prediction were staying in double rooms, followed by vital signs and laboratory results. Conclusion This study revealed the characteristics of patients with HAI and emphasized the role of ventilation in reducing influenza incidence. These findings can aid hospitals in devising infection prevention strategies, and the application of machine learning-based predictive models especially RF can enable early intervention to mitigate the spread of influenza in healthcare settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
Abstract Background Current molecular diagnostics are limited in the number and type of detectable pathogens. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) is an emerging, and increasingly feasible, pathogen-agnostic diagnostic approach. Translational barriers prohibit the widespread adoption of this technology in clinical laboratories. We validate an end-to-end mNGS assay for detection of respiratory viruses. Our assay is optimized to reduce turnaround time, lower cost-per-sample, increase throughput, and deploy secure and actionable bioinformatic results.Methods We validated our assay using residual nasopharyngeal swab specimens from Vancouver General Hospital (n = 359), RT-PCR-positive, or negative for Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV. We quantified sample stability, assay precision, the effect of background nucleic acid levels, and analytical limits of detection. Diagnostic performance metrics were estimated.Results We report that our mNGS assay is highly precise, semi-quantitative, with analytical limits of detection ranging from 103-104 copies/mL. Our assay is highly specific (100%) and sensitive (61.9% Overall: 86.8%; RT-PCR Ct < 30). Multiplexing capabilities enable processing of up to 55-specimens simultaneously on an Oxford Nanopore GridION device, with results reported within 12-hours.Conclusions This study outlines the diagnostic performance and feasibility of mNGS for respiratory viral diagnostics, infection control, and public health surveillance. We addressed translational barriers to widespread mNGS adoption.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
Abstract Studies have reported that prior-season influenza vaccination is associated with higher risk of clinical influenza infection among vaccinees. This effect might arise from incomplete consideration of within-season waning and recent infection. Using data from the US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) Network (2011-2012 to 2018-2019 seasons), we found that repeat vaccinees were vaccinated earlier in a season by one week. After accounting for waning VE, repeat vaccinees were still more likely to test positive for A(H3N2) (OR=1.11, 95%CI:1.02-1.21) but not for influenza B or A(H1N1). We found that clinical infection influenced individuals’ decision to vaccinate in the following season while protecting against clinical infection of the same (sub)type. However, adjusting for recent clinical infections did not strongly influence the estimated effect of prior-season vaccination. In contrast, we found that adjusting for subclinical infection could theoretically attenuate this effect. Additional investigation is needed to determine the impact of subclinical infections on VE.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYujie HouGuohua DengPengfei CuiXianying ZengBin LiDongxue WangXinwen HeCheng YanYaping ZhangJiongjie LiJinming MaYanbing LiXiurong WangGuobin TianHuihui KongLijie TangYasuo SuzukiJianzhong ShiHualan Chena State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute of Western Agriculture, CAAS, Changji, People's Republic of Chinad Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japane National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Xingxing Zhang, Liuyang Yang, Teng Chen, Qing Wang, Jin Yang, Ting Zhang, Jiao Yang, Hongqing Zhao, Shengjie Lai, Luzhao Feng, Weizhong Yang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Rashmi Ray, Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed, Daniel P. Maurer, Jiachen Huang, Berk A. Alpay, Larance Ronsard, Zhenfei Xie, Julianna Han, Monica Fernandez-Quintero, Quynh Anh Phan, Rebecca L. Ursin, Mya Vu, Kathrin H. Kirsch, Thavaleak Prum, Victoria C. Rosado, Thalia Bracamonte-Moreno, Vintus Okonkwo, Julia Bals, Caitlin McCarthy, Usha Nair
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Abstract Background This retrospective study focused on analyzing community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections, in particular human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) in adults recipients. It aimed to assess the impact of ribavirin treatment, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) progression and all-cause mortality. Patients and methods The study included 230 allo-SCT recipients diagnosed with hPIV between December 2013 and June 2023. Risk factors for the development of LRTD, disease severity, and mortality were analyzed. Ribavirin treatment was administered at physician discretion in 61 out of 230 cases (27%). Results Risk factors for LRTD progression in multivariate analysis were corticosteroids > 30 mg/day (Odds ratio (OR) 3.5, 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 1.3–9.4, p = 0.013), fever at the time of hPIV detection (OR 3.89, 95% C.I. 1.84–8.2, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Publication date: September 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Carlos Andreu-Vilarroig, Rafael J. Villanueva, Gilberto González-Parra
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background This retrospective study focused on analyzing community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections, in particular human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) in adults recipients. It aimed to assess the impact of ribavirin treatment, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) progression and all-cause mortality. Patients and methods The study included 230 allo-SCT recipients diagnosed with hPIV between December 2013 and June 2023. Risk factors for the development of LRTD, disease severity, and mortality were analyzed. Ribavirin treatment was administered at physician discretion in 61 out of 230 cases (27%). Results Risk factors for LRTD progression in multivariate analysis were corticosteroids > 30 mg/day (Odds ratio (OR) 3.5, 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 1.3–9.4, p = 0.013), fever at the time of hPIV detection (OR 3.89, 95% C.I. 1.84–8.2, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract During pandemics, healthcare providers struggle with balancing obligations to self, family, and patients. While HIV/AIDS seemed to settle this issue, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rekindled debates regarding treatment refusal. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science using terms including obligation, refusal, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and pandemics. After duplicate removal and dual, independent screening, we analyzed 156 articles for quality, ethical position, reasons, and concepts. Diseases in our sample included HIV/AIDS (72.2%), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (10.2%), COVID-19 (10.2%), Ebola (7.0%), and influenza (7.0%). Most articles (81.9%, n = 128) indicated an obligation to treat. COVID-19 had the highest number of papers indicating ethical acceptability of refusal (60%, P < .001), while HIV had the least (13.3%, P = .026). Several reason domains were significantly different during COVID-19, including unreasonable risks to self/family (26.7%, P < .001) and labor rights/workers\' protection (40%, P < .001). A surge in ethics literature during COVID-19 has advocated for permissibility of treatment refusal. Balancing healthcare provision with workforce protection is crucial in effectively responding to a global pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Methods We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, between March 2006 to July 2021.Results A total of 2,548 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis were evaluated. Otitis was present in 696 episodes (27%). In these patients the primary causative pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (615 of 696 [88%]), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (5%) and Haemophilus influenzae (4%). In 519 of 632 otitis episodes (82%) an ear-nose-throat specialist was consulted, and surgery was performed in 287 of 519 (55%). The types of surgery performed were myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in 110 of 287 episodes (38%), mastoidectomy in 103 of 287 (36%) and myringotomy alone in 74 of 287 (26%). Unfavorable outcome occurred in 210 of 696 episodes (30%) and in 65 of 696 episodes was fatal (9%). Otitis was associated with a favorable outcome in a multivariable analysis (odds ratio 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.92; p =0.008). There was no association between outcome and ear surgery.Conclusions Otitis is a common focus of infection in community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, with S. pneumoniae being the most common causative pathogen. Presence of otitis is associated with a favorable outcome. Ear surgery’s impact on the outcome of otogenic meningitis patients remains uncertain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward, Leigh M.; Grijalva, Carlos G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes. Recent findings While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses. Summary Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Influenza-like illness (ILI) imposes a significant burden on patients, employers and society. However, there is no analysis and prediction at the hospital level in Chongqing. We aimed to characterize the seasonality of ILI, examine age heterogeneity in visits, and predict ILI peaks and assess whether they affect hospital operations. Methods The multiplicative decomposition model was employed to decompose the trend and seasonality of ILI, and the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX) model was used for the trend and short-term prediction of ILI. We used Grid Search and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to calibrate and verify the optimal hyperparameters, and verified the residuals of the multiplicative decomposition and SARIMAX model, which are both white noise. Results During the 12-year study period, ILI showed a continuous upward trend, peaking in winter (Dec. - Jan.) and a small spike in May-June in the 2–4-year-old high-risk group for severe disease. The mean length of stay (LOS) in ILI peaked around summer (about Aug.), and the LOS in the 0–1 and ≥ 65 years old severely high-risk group was more irregular than the others. We found some anomalies in the predictive analysis of the test set, which were basically consistent with the dynamic zero-COVID policy at the time. Conclusion The ILI patient visits showed a clear cyclical and seasonal pattern. ILI prevention and control activities can be conducted seasonally on an annual basis, and age heterogeneity should be considered in the health resource planning. Targeted immunization policies are essential to mitigate potential pandemic threats. The SARIMAX model has good short-term forecasting ability and accuracy. It can help explore the epidemiological characteristics of ILI and provide an early warning and decision-making basis for the allocation of medical resources related to ILI visits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is effective in preventing viral respiratory infectious diseases through protective antibodies and the gut microbiome has been proven to regulate human immunity. This study explores the causal correlations between gut microbial features and serum-specific antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Methods We conduct a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to explore the causal relationships between 412 gut microbial features and four antiviral IgG (for influenza A, measles, rubella, and mumps) levels. To make the results more reliable, we used four robust methods and performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Results The MR analyses revealed 26, 13, 20, and 18 causal associations of the gut microbial features influencing four IgG levels separately. Interestingly, ten microbial features, like genus Collinsella, species Bifidobacterium longum, and the biosynthesis of L-alanine have shown the capacity to regulate multiple IgG levels with consistent direction (rise or fall). The reverse MR analysis suggested several potential causal associations of IgG levels affecting microbial features. Conclusions The human immune response against viral respiratory infectious diseases could be modulated by changing the abundance of gut microbes, which provided new approaches for the intervention of viral respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatricia Monzó-Gallo, Carlos Lopera, Ana M Badía-Tejero, Marina Machado, Julio García-Rodríguez, Pablo Vidal-Cortés, Esperanza Merino, Jorge Calderón, Jesús Fortún, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Javier Pemán, Joan Roig Sanchis, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, Carlota Gudiol, Juan C Ramos, Isabel Sánchez-Romero, Pilar Martin-Davila, Luis E. López-Cortés, Miguel Salavert, Isabel Ruiz-Camps, Mariana Chumbita, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Olivier Peyrony, Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Alex Soriano, Francesc Marco, Carolina Garcia-Vidal
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
There is a notable change in the profile of patients with invasive fungal infections (IFI): there has been a progressive rise of such infections in non-neutropenic population (i.e., COVID-19, influenza, biologic agents, corticosteroids, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD] or cirrhosis) [1–3]. However, information concerning the management of non-neutropenic patients with IFI remains limited. Caution should be exercised before these patients are treated like those who are neutropenic, given a considerable variability in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of IFI [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMay, F., Ginige, S., Firman, E., Li, Y. S., Soonarane, Y. K., Smoll, N., Hunter, I., Pery, B., Macfarlane, B., Bladen, T., Allen, T., Green, T., Walker, J., Slinko, V., Stickley, M., Khandaker, G., Anuradha, S., Wattiaux, A.
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
ObjectiveThe 2022 Australian winter was the first time that COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were circulating in the population together, after two winters of physical distancing, quarantine and borders closed to international travellers. We developed a novel surveillance system to estimate the incidence of COVID-19, influenza and RSV in three regions of Queensland, Australia. DesignWe implemented a longitudinal testing-based sentinel surveillance programme. Participants were provided with self-collection nasal swabs to be dropped off at a safe location at their workplace each week. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Symptomatic participants attended COVID-19 respiratory clinics to be tested by multiplex PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B and RSV. Rapid antigen test (RAT) results reported by participants were included in the analysis. Setting and participantsBetween 4 April 2022 and 3 October 2022, 578 adults were recruited via their workplace. Due to rolling recruitment, withdrawals and completion due to positive COVID-19 results, the maximum number enrolled in any week was 423 people. ResultsA total of 4290 tests were included. Participation rates varied across the period ranging from 25.9% to 72.1% of enrolled participants. The total positivity of COVID-19 was 3.3%, with few influenza or RSV cases detected. Widespread use of RAT may have resulted in few symptomatic participants attending respiratory clinics. The weekly positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 detected during the programme correlated with the incidence of notified cases in the corresponding communities. ConclusionThis testing-based surveillance programme could estimate disease trends and be a useful tool in settings where testing is less common or accessible. Difficulties with recruitment meant the study was underpowered. The frontline sentinel nature of workplaces meant participants were not representative of the general population but were high-risk groups providing early warning of disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), a significant global health concern, imposes a substantial disease burden. In China, there is inadequate data concerning the monitoring of respiratory pathogens, particularly bacteria, among patients with SARI. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the demographic, epidemiological, and aetiological characteristics of hospitalised SARI patients in Central China between 2018 and 2020. Methods Eligible patients with SARI admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Within the first 24 h of admission, respiratory (including sputum, nasal/throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thoracocentesis fluid, etc.), urine, and peripheral blood specimens were collected for viral and bacterial testing. A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic approach was used to identify human influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus. Bacterial cultures of respiratory specimens were performed with a particular focus on pathogenic microorganisms, including S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Strep A, H. influenzae, A. baumannii, and E. coli. In cases where bacterial culture results were negative, nucleic acid extraction was performed for PCR to assay for the above-mentioned eight bacteria, as well as L. pneumophila and M. pneumoniae. Additionally, urine specimens were exclusively used to detect Legionella antigens. Furthermore, epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results The study encompassed 1266 patients, with a mean age of 54 years, among whom 61.6% (780/1266) were males, 61.4% (778/1266) were farmers, and 88.8% (1124/1266) sought medical treatment in 2020. Moreover, 80.3% (1017/1266) were housed in general wards. The most common respiratory symptoms included fever (86.8%, 1122/1266) and cough (77.8%, 986/1266). Chest imaging anomalies were detected in 62.6% (792/1266) of cases, and 58.1% (736/1266) exhibited at least one respiratory pathogen, with 28.5% (361/1266) having multiple infections. Additionally, 95.7% (1212/1266) of the patients were from Henan Province, with the highest proportion (38.3%, 486/1266) falling in the 61–80 years age bracket, predominantly (79.8%, 1010/1266) seeking medical aid in summer and autumn. Bacterial detection rate (39.0%, 495/1266) was higher than viral detection rate (36.9%, 468/1266), with the primary pathogens being influenza virus (13.8%, 175/1266), K. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), S. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), adenovirus (8.2%, 105/1266), P. aeruginosa (8.2%, 105/1266), M. pneumoniae (7.8%, 100/1266), and respiratory syncytial virus (7.7%, 98/1266). During spring and winter, there was a significant prevalence of influenza virus and human coronavirus, contrasting with the dominance of parainfluenza viruses in summer and autumn. Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus exhibited higher prevalence across spring, summer, and winter. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae were identified at similar rates throughout all seasons without distinct spikes in prevalence. However, S. pneumoniae showed a distinctive pattern with a prevalence that doubled during summer and winter. Moreover, the positive detection rates of various other viruses and bacteria were lower, displaying a comparatively erratic prevalence trend. Among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the predominant nosocomial bacteria were K. pneumoniae (17.2%, 43/249), A. baumannii (13.6%, 34/249), and P. aeruginosa (12.4%, 31/249). Conversely, in patients from general wards, predominant pathogens included influenza virus (14.8%, 151/1017), S. pneumoniae (10.4%, 106/1017), and adenovirus (9.3%, 95/1017). Additionally, paediatric patients exhibited significantly higher positive detection rates for influenza virus (23.9%, 11/46) and M. pneumoniae (32.6%, 15/46) compared to adults and the elderly. Furthermore, adenovirus (10.0%, 67/669) and rhinovirus (6.4%, 43/669) were the primary pathogens in adults, while K. pneumoniae (11.8%, 65/551) and A. baumannii (7.1%, 39/551) prevailed among the elderly, indicating significant differences among the three age groups. Discussion In Central China, among patients with SARI, the prevailing viruses included influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Among bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and M. pneumoniae were frequently identified, with multiple infections being very common. Additionally, there were substantial variations in the pathogen spectrum compositions concerning wards and age groups among patients. Consequently, this study holds promise in offering insights to the government for developing strategies aimed at preventing and managing respiratory infectious diseases effectively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 21.04.2024
Tilføjet 21.04.2024
People who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a 25% higher risk of later being diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) after infection than those who weren’t infected, according to a large cohort study that included more than 22 million participants in Japan and South Korea. They also had a 30% greater risk of developing AIRD, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, compared with people who had influenza, the researchers reported in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJimin Yoon, Yu Meng Zhang, Cheenou Her, Robert A. Grant, Anna I. Ponomarenko, Bryce E. Ackermann, Tiffani Hui, Yu-Shan Lin, Galia T. Debelouchina, Matthew D. Shoulders
Science Advances, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Sabrina L Jin, Jessica Kolis, Jessica Parker, Dylan A Proctor, Dimitri Prybylski, Claire Wardle, Neetu Abad, Kathryn A Brookmeyer, Christopher Voegeli, Howard Chiou
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Recognition of misinformation as a public health threat and interest in infodemics, defined as an inundation of information accompanying an epidemic or acute health event, have increased worldwide. However, scientists have no consensus on how to best define and identify misinformation and other essential characteristics of infodemics. We conducted a narrative review of secondary historical sources to examine previous infodemics in relation to four infectious diseases associated with pandemics (ie, smallpox, cholera, 1918 influenza, and HIV) and challenge the assumption that misinformation is a new phenomenon associated with increased use of social media or with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDong‐Hwi Kim, Jae‐Hyeong Kim, Kyu‐Beom Lim, Joong‐Bok Lee, Seung‐Yong Park, Chang‐Seon Song, Sang‐Won Lee, Dong‐Hun Lee, In‐Soo Choi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in health care workers (HCWs) can result in morbidity and mortality and cause significant disruptions to health care services, patients and visitors as well as an added burden on the health system. This scoping review is aimed to describe the epidemiology of VPD outbreaks in HCW, caused by diseases which are prevented by the ten vaccines recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for HCWs.Methods In April 2022 CINAHL, MEDLINE, Global Health and EMBASE were searched for all articles reporting on VPD outbreaks in HCWs since the year 2000. Articles were included regardless of language and study type. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VPD outbreaks were described.Results Our search found 9363 articles, of which 216 met inclusion criteria. Studies describing six of the ten VPDs were found: influenza, measles, varicella, tuberculosis, pertussis and rubella. Most articles (93%) were from high- and upper middle-income countries. While most outbreaks occurred in hospitals, several influenza outbreaks were reported in long term care facilities. Based on available data, vaccination rates amongst HCWs were rarely reported.Conclusion We describe several VPD outbreaks in HCWs from 2000 to April 2022. The review emphasises the need to understand the factors influencing outbreaks in HCWs and highlight importance of vaccination amongst HCWs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJurre Y. SiegersMichelle WilleSokhoun YannSongha TokSarath SinSokha CheaAlice PorcoSreyem SoursVutha ChimSamban CheaKimtuo ChhelSothyra TumSan SornMakara HakPeter ThielenVijaykrishna DhanasekaranErik A. Karlssona Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodiab Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australiac WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australiad Wildlife Conservation Society, Phnom Penh, Cambodiae National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodiaf Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodiag Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAh School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinai HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Marco Del Riccio, Saverio Caini, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, John Paget, Koos van der Velden, Adam Meijer, Mendel Haag, Ian McGovern, Patrizio Zanobini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undeniably reshaped life on a global scale. As infection rates and fatalities surged to historic proportions, initial strategies to combat the crisis revolved around non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as the use of facemasks, physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns, considering the absence of available vaccines or targeted therapeutics. Characterized by a spectrum of actions spanning individual precautions to broader societal measures, NPIs aimed to curtail the rapid dissemination of the virus [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEskild Petersen, Ziad A Memish, David S Hui, Alessandra Scagliarini, Lone Simonsen, Edgar Simulundu, Jennifer Bloodgood, Lucille Blumberg, Shui- Shan Lee, Alimuddin Zumla
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
GBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, but the burden remains high, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, global incident LRI cases and mortality attributable to influenza and RSV declined substantially. Expanding access to health-care services and vaccines, including S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and novel RSV vaccines, along with new low-cost interventions against S aureus, could mitigate the LRI burden and prevent transmission of LRI-causing pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYaqin BaiHui LeiWenjun SongSang-Chul ShinJiaqi WangBiying XiaoZeynep A. KoçerMin-Suk SongRobert WebsterRichard J. WebbySook-San WongMark Zanina HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinab Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinae Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinaf Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Koreah Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiyei Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Türkiyej Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University Medical School, Chungbuk, Koreak Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Xie, W., Xiao, J., Chen, J., Huang, H., Huang, X., He, S., Xu, L.
BMJ Open, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
IntroductionInfluenza is a major public health threat, and vaccination is the most effective prevention method. However, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. Low health literacy regarding influenza vaccination may contribute to vaccine hesitancy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of health education interventions on influenza vaccination rates and health literacy. Methods and analysisThis cluster randomised controlled trial will enrol 3036 students in grades 4–5 from 20 primary schools in Dongguan City, China. Schools will be randomised to an intervention group receiving influenza vaccination health education or a control group receiving routine health education. The primary outcome is the influenza vaccination rate. Secondary outcomes include health literacy levels, influenza diagnosis rate, influenza-like illness incidence and vaccine protection rate. Data will be collected through questionnaires, influenza surveillance and self-reports at baseline and study conclusion. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been sought from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University. Findings from the study will be made accessible to both peer-reviewed journals and key stakeholders. Trial registration numberNCT06048406.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatherine R. LandwehrCaitlyn M. GranlandKelly M. MartinovichNaomi M. ScottElke J. SeppanenLuke BerryDeborah StricklandAlma FulurijaPeter C. RichmondLea-Ann S. Kirkham1Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia2School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia3Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia4Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia5Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia6Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia, Igor E. Brodsky
Infection and Immunity, 11.04.2024
Tilføjet 11.04.2024
Chongqiang HuangLiangzheng YuYi XuJiamo HuangYibin QinXuan GuoYongfang ZengYifeng QinKang OuyangZuzhang WeiWeijian HuangAdolfo García-SastreYing Chena Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinab Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinad Guangxi Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinae Guangxi Nongken Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd., Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinaf Nanning Zhufulai Animal Health Management Co. Ltd., Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAh Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAi Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
To the Editor—We read with great interest the results of the analysis by Harteloh et al [1], who concluded that the death rate in The Netherlands from the 1918–1920 Spanish flu was more than twice as high as the death rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020–2022 (ie, 214 vs 98 per 100 000 per year exposure). This is not surprising as the pathogen responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic (ie, influenza virus A/H1N1) was very aggressive, hit a nearly naive population with no prior immunity, and evolved at a time when healthcare and economic resources were extremely limited compared to recent times. To determine whether similar evidence could be replicated in other countries, we used statistics on the total resident population and the number of deaths from the Spanish flu in 1918–1920 [2] and from COVID-19 in 2020 [3] (ie, before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination at the end of December 2020) in Italy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnton ChesnokovAndrei A. IvashchenkoYoko MatsuzakiEmi TakashitaVasiliy P. MishinAlexandre V. IvachtchenkoLarisa V. Gubareva1Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA2ChemDiv, San Diego, California, USA3Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan4Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan5AVISA LLC, Hallandale Beach, Florida, USA, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines, but it is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation, and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Methods Single-centre retrospective study conducted in a French university hospital during 7 epidemic seasons. All patients aged ≥75 years were included.Results 558 patients were included: 125 with RSV and 433 with Influenza. Median age was 84.8 years. RSV patients had more respiratory symptoms (wheezing, dyspnea), whereas Influenza patients had more general symptoms (fever, asthenia, myalgia). Consolidative pneumonia (28.8% vs. 17.2%; p = 0.004), hospitalization rates (83.2% vs. 70%; p = 0.003), ICU admissions (7.2% vs. 3.0%; p = 0.034) and length of stay (9 days [2-16] vs. 5 days [0-12]; p = 0.002), were higher in the RSV group. Mortality rates at day 30 were comparable (RSV 9.6%, Influenza 9.7%; p = 0.973).Conclusions This study included the largest cohort of RSV-infected patients aged over 75, documented in-depth thus far. RSV shares a comparable mortality rate with Influenza but is associated with higher rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, ICU admissions, and extended hospital stays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKosuke Tamura, Reiko Shimbashi, Ayu Kasamatsu, Bin Chang, Kenji Gotoh, Yoshinari Tanabe, Koji Kuronuma, Kengo Oshima, Takaya Maruyama, Masashi Nakamatsu, Shuichi Abe, Kei Kasahara, Junichiro Nishi, Yu Arakawa, Yuki Kinjo, Motoi Suzuki, Yukihiro Akeda, Kazunori Oishi, Adult IPD Study Group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae asymptomatically colonizes the nasopharynx, often causes pneumococcal disease in children and adults, and can enter the bloodstream to cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The most common presentation is bacteremic pneumonia, which accounts for approximately 60% of all adult IPD cases [1]. Adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia have a higher in-hospital mortality rate than those without bacteremia [2]. Therefore, understanding the diverse clinical aspects of pneumococcal infection is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies especially in adult population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Abstract Background Research on influenza burden in adults has focused on crude subgroups with cut-points at 65-years, limiting insight into how burden varies with increasing age. This study describes the incidence of influenza-related outpatient visits, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations, along with healthcare resource use and complications in the aging adult population.Methods Individuals ≥18 years of age in the United States were evaluated retrospectively in five seasonal cohorts (2015–2020 seasons) in strata of age with 5-year increments. Person-level electronic medical records linked to pharmacy and medical claims were used to ascertain patient characteristics and outcomes. Influenza-related medical encounters were identified based on diagnostic codes (ICD-10 codes J09*–J11*).Results Incidence of influenza-related outpatient visits was highest among people aged 18–34 years and declined with increasing age. For ER visits, incidence tended to be elevated for people aged 18–34 years, relatively stable from 35 through 60, and increased rapidly after 60. Hospitalization incidence remained relatively stable until about 50 years of age and then increased with age. One in three patients was diagnosed with pneumonia after hospitalization, regardless of age. Across seasons, age groups, and clinical settings, on average, 40.8% of individuals were prescribed antivirals and 17.2% antibiotics.Conclusions Incidence of influenza-related hospitalizations begins to increase around age 50 rather than the more common cut-point of 65, whereas incidence of outpatient visits was highest among younger adults. Influenza infections frequently led to antiviral and antibiotic prescriptions, underscoring the role influenza vaccination can play in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXin WangFeiyang PuXuanye YangXili FengJiayou ZhangKai DuanXuanxuan NianZhongren MaXiao-Xia MaXiao-Ming Yanga Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Chinab School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Chinac National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Chinad Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd, Wuhan, Chinae China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
New guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides updated measures to combat respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. The recommendations come at a time when deaths and hospitalizations from COVID-19 have decreased from the peak of the pandemic and the availability of tools to fight respiratory viruses is greater than ever, the agency noted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKuo‐Chuan Hung, Ting‐Sian Yu, Kuei‐Fen Wang, I‐Wen Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Gianella, Sara; Anderson, Christy; Chaillon, Antoine; Wells, Alan; Porrachia, Magali; Caballero, Gemma; Vargas, Milenka; Lonergan, Joseph; Woodworth, Brendon; Gaitan, Noah; Rawlings, Stephen A.; Muttera, Leticia; Harkness, Liliana; Little, Susan J.; May, Susanne; Smith, Davey
AIDS, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Objective: :We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: :Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of two clinically recommended vaccines (influenza and pneumococcal). Methods: :Persons with HIV on ART (N = 54) were enrolled in the clinical trial. Blood was collected at baseline and days 2,4,7,14 and 30 postimmunizations. Levels of cellular HIV RNA and HIV DNA were measured by ddPCR. Expression of immunological markers on T cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Changes in unspliced cellular HIV RNA from baseline to day 7 postinjection between each vaccine and placebo was the primary outcome. Results: :Forty-seven participants completed at least one cycle and there were no serious adverse events related to the intervention. We observed no significant differences in the change in cellular HIV RNA after either vaccine compared to placebo at any timepoint. In secondary analyses we observed a transient increase in total HIV DNA levels after influenza vaccine, as well as increased T cell activation and exhaustion on CD4+ T cells after pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusions: :Clinically recommended vaccines were safe but did not appear to stimulate the immune system strongly enough to elicit significantly noticeable HIV RNA transcription during ART. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02707692. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIván Sanz-Muñoz, Javier Sánchez-Martínez, Carla Rodríguez-Crespo, Irene Arroyo-Hernantes, Marta Domínguez-Gil, Silvia Rojo-Rello, Marta Hernández, José M Eiros
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Since the precise significance of viral load (VL) test for the management and treatment of patients with respiratory viruses remains unknown, it is not a commonly used tool. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, VL evaluation has gained popularity in the scientific community and healthcare providers due to the possible application in daily clinical practice and research [1–3]. During the worst part of the pandemic, when hospitalization was overcrowded and a huge need for resources was the most important issue, the Ct value (Cycle threshold), a subrogate of the VL, was used as a criterion for discharging patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Introduction A surge of human influenza A(H7N9) cases began in 2016 in China due to an antigenically distinct lineage. Data are needed about the safety and immunogenicity of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and the effects of AS03 adjuvant, prime-boost interval, and priming effects of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) IIVs.Methods Healthy adults (n=180), ages 19–50 years, were enrolled into this partially-blinded, randomized, multi-center Phase 2 clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 vaccination groups evaluating homologous versus heterologous prime-boost strategies with two different boost intervals (21 versus 120 days) and two dosages (3.75 or 15 μg of hemagglutinin) administered with or without AS03 adjuvant. Reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody titers were assessed.Results Two doses of A(H7N9) IIV were well tolerated, and no safety issues were identified. Although most participants had injection site and systemic reactogenicity, these symptoms were mostly mild to moderate in severity; injection site reactogenicity was greater in vaccination groups receiving adjuvant. Immune responses were greater after an adjuvanted second dose, and with a longer interval between prime and boost. The highest HAI GMT (95%CI) observed against the 2017 A(H7N9) strain was 133.4 (83.6, 212.6) among participants who received homologous, adjuvanted 3.75 ug+AS03/2017 doses with delayed boost interval.Conclusions Administering AS03 adjuvant with the second H7N9 IIV dose and extending the boost interval to 4 months resulted in higher peak antibody responses. These observations can broadly inform strategic approaches for pandemic preparedness. (NCT03589807)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatrick D.J. Sturm, Noud T.H. Hermans, Adri G.M. van der Zanden, Cas J.A. Peters, Tanja Schülin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
To investigate the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae and the diagnostic accuracy of the EUCAST recommended disc diffusion method to detect the increasingly prevalent ampicillin resistance due to the presence of PBP3 alterations based on mutations in the ftsI gene.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRijk, M. H., Platteel, T. N., van den Berg, T. M. C., Geersing, G.-J., Little, P., Rutten, F. H., van Smeden, M., Venekamp, R. P.
BMJ Open, 24.03.2024
Tilføjet 24.03.2024
ObjectiveTo identify and synthesise relevant existing prognostic factors (PF) and prediction models (PM) for hospitalisation and all-cause mortality within 90 days in primary care patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). DesignSystematic review. MethodsSystematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were performed. All PF and PM studies on the risk of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality within 90 days in adult primary care LRTI patients were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool tools for PF and PM studies, respectively. The results of included PF and PM studies were descriptively summarised. ResultsOf 2799 unique records identified, 16 were included: 9 PF studies, 6 PM studies and 1 combination of both. The risk of bias was judged high for all studies, mainly due to limitations in the analysis domain. Based on reported multivariable associations in PF studies, increasing age, sex, current smoking, diabetes, a history of stroke, cancer or heart failure, previous hospitalisation, influenza vaccination (negative association), current use of systemic corticosteroids, recent antibiotic use, respiratory rate ≥25/min and diagnosis of pneumonia were identified as most promising candidate predictors. One newly developed PM was externally validated (c statistic 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.78) whereas the previously hospital-derived CRB-65 was externally validated in primary care in five studies (c statistic ranging from 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.81) to 0.79 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.92)). None of the PM studies reported measures of model calibration. ConclusionsImplementation of existing models for individualised risk prediction of 90-day hospitalisation or mortality in primary care LRTI patients in everyday practice is hampered by incomplete assessment of model performance. The identified candidate predictors provide useful information for clinicians and warrant consideration when developing or updating PMs using state-of-the-art development and validation techniques. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022341233.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Mohd Shafiq Aazmi, Muhammad Nazri Aziz, Noor ‘Adilah Kamarudin, Jamal I-Ching Sam, Ravindran Thayan, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Wan Noraini Wan Mohamed Noor, Adelina Cheong, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Jean Khor, Eva Nabiha Zamri, Jia-Yong Lam, Zamberi Sekawi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
by Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Mohd Shafiq Aazmi, Muhammad Nazri Aziz, Noor ‘Adilah Kamarudin, Jamal I-Ching Sam, Ravindran Thayan, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Wan Noraini Wan Mohamed Noor, Adelina Cheong, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Jean Khor, Eva Nabiha Zamri, Jia-Yong Lam, Zamberi Sekawi Background and objectives While influenza circulates year-round in Malaysia, research data on its incidence is scarce. Yet, this information is vital to the improvement of public health through evidence-based policies. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the trends and financial costs of influenza. Methods Data for the years 2016 through 2018 were gathered retrospectively from several sources. These were existing Ministry of Health (MOH) influenza sentinel sites data, two teaching hospitals, and two private medical institutions in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Expert consensus determined the final estimates of burden for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Economic burden was estimated separately using secondary data supplemented by MOH casemix costing. Results Altogether, data for 11,652 cases of ILI and 5,764 cases of SARI were extracted. The influenza B subtype was found to be predominant in 2016, while influenza A was more prevalent in 2017 and 2018. The distribution timeline revealed that the highest frequency of cases occurred in March and April of all three years. The costs of influenza amounted to MYR 310.9 million over the full three-year period. Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of influenza in Malaysia. The findings reveal a consistent year-round presence of influenza with irregular seasonal peaks, including a notable influenza A epidemic in 2017 and consistent surges in influenza B incidence during March across three years. These findings underscore the significance of continuous monitoring influenza subtypes for informed healthcare strategies as well as advocate for the integration of influenza vaccination into Malaysia’s national immunization program, enhancing overall pandemic preparedness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYiming Li, Jianfu Li, Jianping He, Cui Tao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Yiming Li, Jianfu Li, Jianping He, Cui Tao Though Vaccines are instrumental in global health, mitigating infectious diseases and pandemic outbreaks, they can occasionally lead to adverse events (AEs). Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in effectively identifying and cataloging AEs within clinical reports. Utilizing data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1990 to 2016, this study particularly focuses on AEs to evaluate LLMs’ capability for AE extraction. A variety of prevalent LLMs, including GPT-2, GPT-3 variants, GPT-4, and Llama2, were evaluated using Influenza vaccine as a use case. The fine-tuned GPT 3.5 model (AE-GPT) stood out with a 0.704 averaged micro F1 score for strict match and 0.816 for relaxed match. The encouraging performance of the AE-GPT underscores LLMs’ potential in processing medical data, indicating a significant stride towards advanced AE detection, thus presumably generalizable to other AE extraction tasks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 12, Page 1155-1156, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
This self-controlled case series evaluates stroke risk after administration of either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent plus a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine on the same day, and a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine in Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
Abstract Introduction Haemophilus influenzae (HI) is an exceedingly rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Case Presentation/Methods We present a case of a 90-year-old female diagnosed with HI-IE involving the native tricuspid valve in the absence of traditional risk factors for right-sided endocarditis. She was treated with a 5-week course of IV Ampicillin from negative cultures and suffered no complications. We also conducted a thorough literature review through PubMed and Google Scholar, which yielded a mere 15 reported cases of HI-IE. Results Fourteen of the reported HI-IE cases included epidemiological data, showing no gender predominance. The mean age of the subjects was 39.5, with the mitral valve being the most implicated (64%) and tricuspid valve involvement being rare (21%). Conclusion Native tricuspid valve IE is an uncommon entity, especially in the absence of IV drug use. Haemophilus influenzae is an extremely rare cause of IE, with a literature review showing merely 15 reported cases. This article cites the 16th case of HI-IE published in the literature.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed