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1
Retraction: Isolation and Characterization of a “phiKMV-Like” Bacteriophage and Its Therapeutic Effect on Mink Hemorrhagic Pneumonia
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
2
Characterization of Alternaria porri causing onion purple blotch and its antifungal compound magnolol identified from Caryodaphnopsis baviensis
Min Young Kim, Jae Woo Han, Quang Le Dang, Jin-Cheol Kim, Hun Kim, Gyung Ja Choi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
by Min Young Kim, Jae Woo Han, Quang Le Dang, Jin-Cheol Kim, Hun Kim, Gyung Ja Choi
Alternaria porri (Ellis) Clf. causes purple blotch disease on Allium plants which results in the reduction of crop yields and quality. In this study, to efficiently find natural antifungal compounds against A. porri, we optimized the culture condition for the spore production of A. porri and the disease development condition for an in vivo antifungal assay. From tested plant materials, the methanol extracts derived from ten plant species belonging to the families Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apocynaceae, Lauraceae, and Melastomataceae were selected as potent antifungal agents against A. porri. In particular, the methanol extract of Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (Lec.) A.-Shaw completely inhibited the growth of A. porri at a concentration of 111 μg/ml. Based on chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, a neolignan compound magnolol was identified as the antifungal compound of the C. baviensis methanol extract. Magnolol showed a significant inhibitory activity against the spore germination and mycelial growth of A. porri with IC50 values of 4.5 and 5.4 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, when magnolol was sprayed onto onion plants at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, it showed more than an 80% disease control efficacy for the purple blotch diseases. In terms of the antifungal mechanism of magnolol, we explored the in vitro inhibitory activity on individual oxidative phosphorylation complexes I–V, and the results showed that magnolol acts as multiple inhibitors of complexes I–V. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the potential of magnolol as an active ingredient with antifungal inhibitory action to control purple blotch on onions.
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3
Global epidemiology of childhood bone and joint infection: a systematic review
Infection, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Childhood bone and joint infection (BJI) is a potentially severe disease that may have permanent sequelae, including growth impairment and limb deformity. It has been characterised in the literature with a focus on Western epidemiology; there are currently no reports detailing global epidemiology and bacteriology. This omits key data from determining temporal trends, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and resource allocation. This review aims to identify studies that characterise the incidence of childhood bone and joint infection or provide detailed bacteriology within their region.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed from 01/01/1980 to 31/12/2020. Data has been analysed to give incidence of disease per 100,000 children, primary pathogen by country where available, and risk ratio (RR) for disease by ethnicity. This is applicable for areas that experience race-related inequitable burden of disease.
Results
Forty-four articles met the inclusion area; of these, seven were population-wide studies, primarily from Europe or the United States, and the remainder were cohort studies. Incidence could be derived from 26 studies compromising over 34, 000 children. Information on bacteriology was available from 39 publications (10, 957 cases). Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in the West. Recently, disease secondary to Kingella kingae and methicillin-resistant S. aureus has increased. Salmonella remains a dominant pathogen in African regions. Increased risk of disease is observed in Aboriginal, New Zealand Māori, Pacific, Indigenous Fijian, and Bedouin children.
Conclusion
The current state of the literature detailing incidence of childhood BJI focuses on disease patterns from the West. There is a paucity of high-quality publications in the developing world. Despite these limitations, global trends in burden of disease show race-related inequitable risk of BJI. Temporal and regional variation in bacteriology can be demonstrated.
Level of evidence: III.
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4
The Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network: surveillance of adverse events following immunisation among individuals immunised with the COVID-19 vaccine, a cohort study in Canada
Bettinger, J. A., Sadarangani, M., De Serres, G., Valiquette, L., Vanderkooi, O. G., Kellner, J. D., Muller, M. P., Top, K. A., Isenor, J. E., McGeer, A., Marty, K., Canadian Immunization Research Network
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Introduction
COVID-19 vaccines require enhanced safety monitoring after emergency approval. The Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network monitors the safety of COVID-19 vaccines and provides enhanced monitoring for healthy, auto-immune, immunocompromised, pregnant and breastfeeding populations and allows for the detection of safety signals.
Methods and analysis
Online participant reporting of health events in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals 12 years of age and older is captured in three surveys: 1 week after dose 1, 1 week after dose 2 and 7 months after dose 1. Medically attended events are followed up by telephone. The number, percentage, rate per 10 000 and incident rate ratios with 95% CIs are calculated by health event, vaccine type, sex and in 10-year age groups.
Ethics and dissemination
Each study site has Research Ethics Board approvals for the project (UBC Children’s & Women’s, CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS, Health PEI, Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, IWK Health, Unity Health Toronto and CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Ethics Boards). Individuals are invited to participate in this active surveillance and electronic consent is given before proceeding to each survey. Weekly reports are shared with public health and posted on the study website. At least one peer-reviewed manuscript is produced.
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5
Eosinopenia as a biomarker for antibiotic use in COPD exacerbations: protocol for a retrospective hospital-based cohort study
Yang, M., Liu, X., Hu, Q., Li, J., Fu, S., Chen, D., Wu, Y., Luo, A., Zhang, X., Feng, R., Xu, G., Liu, C., Jiang, H., Liu, W.
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Introduction
The acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has a seriously negative impact on patients’ healths condition and disease progression. Bacterial infection is closely related to AECOPD, and antibiotics are frequently used in clinical practice. The lack of specific biomarkers for rational antibiotics use always leads to antibiotics abuse in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) flare-ups. Eosinopenia has been considered to be related to increased bacterial load of potentially pathogenic organisms at the onset of COPD exacerbations. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether eosinopenia could be used as a reference for the use of antibiotics in AECOPD.
Methods and analysis
In this study, a hospital-based retrospective cohort design will be adopted to analyse the clinical data of inpatients who are primarily diagnosed with AECOPD in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Relevant data will be extracted from the Clinical Big Data Platform for Scientific Research in West China Hospital, including demographic characteristics, blood eosinophil count, procalcitonin, C reactive protein, microbial cultivation, antibiotics use, length of hospital stay, non-invasive ventilation use, intensive care unit transfer and mortality, etc. The collected data will be described and inferred by corresponding statistical methods according to the data type and their distributions. Multiple binary logistic regression models will be used to analyse the relationship between blood eosinophil count and bacterial infection. The antibiotics use, and patient morbidity and mortality will be compared between patients with or without eosinopenia.
Ethics and dissemination
This study has been approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Board of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Approval No. 2020-1056). And the research results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Trial registration number
ChiCTR2000039379.
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6
Longitudinal survey on the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthcare Workers (PsyCOVer) in France: study protocol
Bertuzzi, L., El Aarbaoui, T., Heron, M., Gosselin, A., Roy-de-Lachaise, L., Fossi, L., Della Corte, F., Vignier, N., Melchior, M., Schreiber, M., Vandentorren, S., Vuillermoz, C.
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Introduction
In the pandemic, healthcare professionals face even higher levels of stress. It is therefore a priority to estimate the impact of the pandemic on mental health and to propose targeted strategies to improve resilience. The aims of the study were to (1) assess the mental health of healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19 and identify social determinants that may increase the risk of negative outcomes; and (2) test the effectiveness of an intervention to improve the resilience of healthcare professionals in France.
Methods and analysis
To evaluate the first objective, a national longitudinal study will be carried out among healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19. Participants will be recruited via an internet link that will be widely disseminated on social media, mailing lists, medical boards and French medical journals. Primary outcomes are mental health distress/symptoms and resilience. Secondary outcomes are burnout, social and occupational supports and substance use. To meet the second objective, an interventional study will be conducted. The main outcome is the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter program. Qualitative analyses will be conducted to understand the strategies used to cope with the pandemic.
Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol was approved by the Sorbonne Université Ethical Committee (No 2020-CER-2020-27) and was declared to French Commission on Information Technology and Liberties, CNIL (N°2222413, 20-05-2021). The results of this study will provide a better understanding of mental health and social inequalities in mental health among healthcare professionals working in the pandemic; data about the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter interventional program in France.
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7
Patient experience of diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a cross-sectional online survey
Cheema, S., Joy, C., Pople, J., Snape-Burns, J., Trevarthen, T., Matharu, M.
BMJ Open, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Objectives
To present the results of a survey of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) secondary to spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, documenting the patient experience of its diagnosis and management as well as quantifying its impact on quality of life.
Design
A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was designed in conjunction with the CSF Leak Association patient charity. The survey included questions on diagnosis, investigations and treatments received, as well as validated disability and quality of life questionnaires.
Participants
Sixty-four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SIH who were receiving treatment within the UK were included in the analysis. The mean age was 42.8 years, 94% were female and 43 had ongoing symptoms of SIH.
Results
Patients who presented to their general practitioner with symptoms of SIH were seen an average three times before being referred to a specialist, and in just under half of patients, the diagnosis was not made by the first specialist they saw. There was variability in which investigations were performed and how urgently they were organised. The mean EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) Visual Analogue Scale score was 36.4/100 and median Headache Impact Test-6 score was 68/78 (very severe impact). More than half of the respondents reported that they had to amend work duties due to SIH, more than a quarter reported that they had lost their job and two-thirds reported that their condition had affected their financial health. Only 23.4% of patients felt that they had received enough help and advice to manage their pain due to SIH.
Conclusions
SIH is a highly disabling disorder, affecting multiple domains, including pain, mobility, activities of daily living, financial circumstances and employment. Diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis are common, and currently there is a lack of consistency in the investigation and management of SIH in the UK.
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8
SER-109, an Oral Microbiome Therapy for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E.L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Auniņš, Christopher W.J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
9
Audio Interview: Crushing the Covid-19 Curve
Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Harvey V. Fineberg, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
10
Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Qatar
Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Hiam Chemaitelly, Roberto Bertollini
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
11
BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
12
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming
Roos S.G. Sablerolles, Wim J.R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Hannah M. Garcia Garrido, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Virgil A.S.H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L.W. Huckriede, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
New England Journal of Medicine, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
13
Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first two waves in Japan: Demographic characteristics and overdispersion
Yura K. Ko, Yuki Furuse, Kota Ninomiya, Kanako Otani, Hiroki Akaba, Reiko Miyahara, Tadatsugu Imamura, Takeaki Imamura, Alex R. Cook, Mayuko Saito, Motoi Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Epidemiological findings on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have accumulated at an unprecedented rate. A key finding is the heterogeneity in the number of secondary transmissions, which is often characterized as overdispersion. Super-spreading events are essential factors contributing to the sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Endo et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020) similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Leo et al., 2003) and other infectious diseases (Kucharski and Althaus, 2015; Lau et al., 2017; Wong et al., 2015).
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14
HIV incidence and prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years in Rwanda: Results from the Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) and District-level Modeling, 2019
S. Nsanzimana, G. Rwibasira, S.S. Malamba, G. Musengimana, E. Kayirangwa, S. Jonnalagadda, E. Fazito, J. Eaton, V. Mugisha, E. Remera, M. Semakula, A. Mulindabigwi, FJ. Omolo, L. Wiesner, C. Moore, H. Patel, J. Justman
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
15
Evaluation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia
Ibrahim Khairul‐Anwar,
Shahidan Wan‐Nazatul‐Shima,
Zainuddin Siti‐Lailatul‐Akmar,
Ab Hamid Siti‐Azrin,
Embong Zunaina
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
16
Association between hearing impairment, school performance and cognitive function in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease
Joara Raiza Fontes Barros Bomfim,
Carolina Orge Anunciação Bacelar,
Marinho Marques da Silva Neto,
Cristina Salles,
Ana Marice Teixeira Ladeia,
Mara Renata Rissatto‐Lago
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
17
Genetic variation of E6, E7 and L1 genes of human papillomavirus 51 from Central China
Mengxia Ye, Shuo Li, Ping Luo, Xuan Tang, Quan Gong, Bing Mei
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
18
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width: a severity indicator in patients with COVID‐19
Zhong‐hua Wang, Bing‐qi Fu, Ying‐wen Lin, Xue‐biao Wei, Heng Geng, Wei‐xin Guo, Hui‐qing Yuan, You‐wan Liao, Tie‐he Qin, Fei Li, Shou‐hong Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
19
Treating pharyngeal gonorrhoea continues to remain a challenge
Fabian Y S Kong, Jane S Hocking
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Henry J C de Vries and colleagues1 report exciting results from their New AntiBiotic treatment Options for uncomplicated GOnorrhea (NABOGO) randomised controlled trial. This non-inferiority trial examined the efficacy of single doses of ertapenem 1 g (intramuscularly), gentamicin 5 mg/kg (max 400 mg, intramuscularly) or fosfomycin 6 g (oral solution) compared with ceftriaxone 500 mg (intramuscularly) for the treatment of uncomplicated anogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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20
Efficacy of ertapenem, gentamicin, fosfomycin, and ceftriaxone for the treatment of anogenital gonorrhoea (NABOGO): a randomised, non-inferiority trial
Henry J C de Vries, Myrthe de Laat, Vita W Jongen, Titia Heijman, Carolien M Wind, Anders Boyd, Jolinda de Korne-Elenbaas, Alje P van Dam, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, NABOGO steering group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Single-dose 1000 mg ertapenem is non-inferior to single-dose 500 mg ceftriaxone in gonorrhoea treatment. Yet, 5 mg/kg gentamicin (maximum 400 mg) is not non-inferior to ceftriaxone. Ertapenem is a potential effective alternative for anogenital N gonorrhoeae infections and merits evaluation for ceftriaxone-resistant infections.
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21
In-hospital mortality of patients with severe bloodstream infection: only the tip of the iceberg
Mathias W Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Sebastian Weis
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
Many studies on severe infections use in-hospital mortality, 14-day mortality, or 30-day mortality, as classic endpoints. However, in the era of high-performance intensive care, these endpoints no longer seem appropriate. Modern intensive-care medicine has massively reduced early mortality in patients with sepsis.1 Although this reduction is gratifying, it should not obscure the fact that these patients are still far from being healed.
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22
Development and validation of BLOOMY prediction scores for 14-day and 6-month mortality in hospitalised adults with bloodstream infections: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study
Evelina Tacconelli, Siri Göpel, Beryl P Gladstone, Simone Eisenbeis, Florian Hölzl, Michael Buhl, Anna Górska, Chiara Cattaneo, Alexander Mischnik, Siegbert Rieg, Anna M Rohde, Britta Kohlmorgen, Jane Falgenhauer, Janina Trauth, Nadja Käding, Evelyn Kramme, Lena M Biehl, Sarah V Walker, Silke Peter, Petra Gastmeier, Trinad Chakraborty, Maria JGT Vehreschild, Harald Seifert, Jan Rupp, Winfried V Kern, DZIF BLOOMY study group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
The BLOOMY scores showed good discrimination and predictive values and could support the development of protocols to manage bloodstream infections and also help to estimate the short-term and long-term burdens of bloodstream infections.
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23
Antimicrobial Activity of High-Dose Cefepime-tazobactam (WCK 4282) against a Large Collection of Gram-negative Organisms Collected Worldwide in 2018 and 2019
Helio S. Sader, Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, Rodrigo E. Mendes, Mariana Castanheira
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
24
Changes in the gut microbiota and risk of colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, infection and death in critical care patients
Elisa Rubio, Andrea Vergara, Fátima Aziz, Sofía Narváez, Genoveva Cuesta, María Hernández, David Toapanta, Francesc Marco, Javier Fernández, Alex Soriano, Jordi Vila, Climent Casals-Pascual
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
To investigate if the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the risk of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) acquisition, infection and mortality in patients admitted to a liver intensive care unit (ICU).
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25
Prospective evaluation of the point-of-care use of a rapid antigenic SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic test in a pediatric emergency department
Ollier Quentin, Pillet Sylvie, Mory Olivier, Gagnaire Julie, Thuiller Charlotte, Annino Nadine, Gagneux-Brunon Amandine, Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth, Bourlet Thomas, Pozzetto Bruno, Cantais Aymeric
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.01.2022
Tilføjet 20.01.2022
This study aimed at evaluating the immunochromatographic COVID19Speed-Antigen Test (BioSpeedia, France) as antigen point-of-care test (AgPOCT) to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric emergency department of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
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