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Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 7 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Vizda Anam, Bruno V. Guerrero, Akhil Kumar Srivastav, Nico Stollenwerk, Maíra Aguiar
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNdiaw GOUMBALLA, Fatou Samba Diouf, Mamadou BEYE, Masse Sambou, Hubert Bassène, Mamadou Dieng, Adama Aïdara, Lorlane LE TARGA, Philippe COLSON, Philippe GAUTRET, Cheikh SOKHNA
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
The Grand Magal of Touba (GMT) is the largest religious mass gathering in Senegal. An estimated 4-5 million pilgrims participate in the event each year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoshua Osowicki, Fergus Hamilton, Todd C. Lee, Michael Marks, Erin K. McCreary, Emily G. McDonald, Jonathan H. Ryder, Steven YC. Tong
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
The spectre of severe invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus haunt clinicians and patients alike. They are the quintessential causes of devastating high profile ‘front page sepsis’ cases affecting children and adults, often without recognised risk factors, and typically associated with toxic shock syndromes (TSS) and necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI), as seen in the global surge of invasive S. pyogenes disease from late 2022.(1) These fulminant clinical syndromes demand rapid empiric antibiotic treatment and urgent surgical intervention for source control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTweedie-Cullen, R. Y., Leong, K., Wilson, B. C., Derraik, J. G. B., Albert, B. B., Monk, R., Vatanen, T., Creagh, C., Depczynski, M., Edwards, T., Beck, K., Thabrew, H., O'Sullivan, J. M., Cutfield, W. S.
BMJ Open, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
IntroductionAutism (formally autism spectrum disorder) encompasses a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by differences in communication and social interactions. Co-occurring chronic gastrointestinal symptoms are common among autistic individuals and can adversely affect their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of oral encapsulated faecal microbiome transfer (FMT) in improving gastrointestinal symptoms and well-being among autistic adolescents and adults. Methods and analysisThis double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial will recruit 100 autistic adolescents and adults aged 16–45 years, who have mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms (Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) score ≥2.0). We will also recruit eight healthy donors aged 18–32 years, who will undergo extensive clinical screening. Recipients will be randomised 1:1 to receive FMT or placebo, stratified by biological sex. Capsules will be administered over two consecutive days following an overnight bowel cleanse with follow-up assessments at 6, 12 and 26 weeks post-treatment. The primary outcome is GSRS score at 6 weeks. Other assessments include anthropometry, body composition, hair cortisol concentration, gut microbiome profile, urine/plasma gut-derived metabolites, plasma markers of gut inflammation/permeability and questionnaires on general well-being, sleep quality, physical activity, food diversity and treatment tolerability. Adverse events will be recorded and reviewed by an independent data monitoring committee. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the study was granted by the Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee on 24 August 2021 (reference number: 21/CEN/211). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented to both scientific and consumer group audiences. Trial registration numberACTRN12622000015741.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBorgonovo, F., Lovaglio, P. G., Mariani, C., Berta, P., Cossu, M. V., Rizzardini, G., Vittadini, G., Capetti, A. F.
BMJ Open, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
ObjectiveTo define macro symptoms of long COVID and to identify predictive factors, with the aim of preventing the development of the long COVID syndrome. DesignA single-centre longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted from May 2020 to October 2022. SettingThe study was conducted at Luigi Sacco University Hospital in Milan (Italy). In May 2020, we activated the ARCOVID (Ambulatorio Rivalutazione COVID) outpatient service for the follow-up of long COVID. ParticipantsHospitalised and non-hospitalised patients previously affected by COVID-19 were either referred by specialists or general practitioners or self-referred. InterventionDuring the first visit, a set of questions investigated the presence and the duration of 11 symptoms (palpitations, amnesia, headache, anxiety/panic, insomnia, loss of smell, loss of taste, dyspnoea, asthenia, myalgia and telogen effluvium). The follow-up has continued until the present time, by sending email questionnaires every 3 months to monitor symptoms and health-related quality of life. Primary and secondary outcome measuresMeasurement of synthetic scores (aggregation of symptoms based on occurrence and duration) that may reveal the presence of long COVID in different clinical macro symptoms. To this end, a mixed supervised and empirical strategy was adopted. Moreover, we aimed to identify predictive factors for post-COVID-19 macro symptoms. ResultsIn the first and second waves of COVID-19, 575 and 793 patients (respectively) were enrolled. Three different post-COVID-19 macro symptoms (neurological, sensorial and physical) were identified. We found significant associations between post-COVID-19 symptoms and (1) the patients’ comorbidities, and (2) the medications used during the COVID-19 acute phase. ACE inhibitors (OR=2.039, 95% CI: 1.095 to 3.892), inhaled steroids (OR=4.08, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.19) and COVID therapies were associated with increased incidence of the neurological macro symptoms. Age (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04), COVID-19 severity (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.82), number of comorbidities (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.5), metabolic (OR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.25 to 5.27), pulmonary (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.32) and autoimmune diseases (OR=4.57, 95% CI: 1.57 to 19.41) increased the risk of the physical macro symptoms. ConclusionsBeing male was the unique protective factor in both waves. Other factors reflected different medical behaviours and the impact of comorbidities. Evidence of the effect of therapies adds valuable information that may drive future medical choices.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDuggal, A., Scheraga, R., Sacha, G. L., Wang, X., Huang, S., Krishnan, S., Siuba, M. T., Torbic, H., Dugar, S., Mucha, S., Veith, J., Mireles-Cabodevila, E., Bauer, S. R., Kethireddy, S., Vachharajani, V., Dalton, J. E.
BMJ Open, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
ObjectiveConventional prediction models fail to integrate the constantly evolving nature of critical illness. Alternative modelling approaches to study dynamic changes in critical illness progression are needed. We compare static risk prediction models to dynamic probabilistic models in early critical illness. DesignWe developed models to simulate disease trajectories of critically ill COVID-19 patients across different disease states. Eighty per cent of cases were randomly assigned to a training and 20% of the cases were used as a validation cohort. Conventional risk prediction models were developed to analyse different disease states for critically ill patients for the first 7 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Daily disease state transitions were modelled using a series of multivariable, multinomial logistic regression models. A probabilistic dynamic systems modelling approach was used to predict disease trajectory over the first 7 days of an ICU admission. Forecast accuracy was assessed and simulated patient clinical trajectories were developed through our algorithm. Setting and participantsWe retrospectively studied patients admitted to a Cleveland Clinic Healthcare System in Ohio, for the treatment of COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2022. Results5241 patients were included in the analysis. For ICU days 2–7, the static (conventional) modelling approach, the accuracy of the models steadily decreased as a function of time, with area under the curve (AUC) for each health state below 0.8. But the dynamic forecasting approach improved its ability to predict as a function of time. AUC for the dynamic forecasting approach were all above 0.90 for ICU days 4–7 for all states. ConclusionWe demonstrated that modelling critical care outcomes as a dynamic system improved the forecasting accuracy of the disease state. Our model accurately identified different disease conditions and trajectories, with a
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXin WangFeiyang PuXuanye YangXili FengJiayou ZhangKai DuanXuanxuan NianZhongren MaXiao-Xia MaXiao-Ming Yanga Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Chinab School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Chinac National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Chinad Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd, Wuhan, Chinae China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
Virulence, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Ze CaoXia MinXingxing XieMaoqing HuangYingying LiuWeimin SunGuifang XuMiao HeKaiwen HeYing LiJunying YuanaInterdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, ChinabShanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, ChinacUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinadInstitutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenjamin L. SpringsteinJoao A. PauloHankum ParkKemardo HenryEleanor FlemingZoë FederJ. Wade HarperAnn HochschildaDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115bDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSabrina N. KlineNicholas A. OrlandoAlex J. LeeMeng-Jen WuJing ZhangChristine YounLaine E. FellerCristina PontazaDustin DikemanNathachit LimjunyawongKaitlin L. WilliamsYu WangDaniela CihakovaElizabeth A. JacobsenScott K. DurumLuis A. GarzaXinzhong DongNathan K. ArcheraDepartment of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287bDepartment of Oncology, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205cCenter of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, ThailanddDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287eDivision of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259fCancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702gHHMI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205hSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEugenio PaglinoDielle J. LundbergElizabeth Wrigley-FieldZhenwei ZhouJoe A. WassermanRafeya RaquibYea-Hung ChenKatherine HempsteadSamuel H. PrestonIrma T. EloM. Maria GlymourAndrew C. StokesaDepartment of Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bDepartment of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118cDepartment of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195dDepartment of Sociology and Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455eDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118fResearch Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709gDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158hRobert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ 08540iDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaba MottaghiniaSaskia StenzelKyriakos TsangarasNikolas NikolaidisMichael LaueKarin MüllerHenriette HölscherUlrike LöberGayle K. McEwenStephen C. DonnellanKevin C. RoweKen P. AplinChristine GoffinetAlex D. GreenwoodaDepartment of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin 10315, GermanybCentre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, FrancecInstitute of Virology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin D-10117, GermanydDepartment of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United KingdomeDepartment of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-2417, CyprusfDepartment of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850gAdvanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin D-13353, GermanyhMax-Delbrük Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, GermanyiSouth Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, AustraliajSciences Department, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3001, AustraliakSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYue ZhangVanthana BharathiTatsuya DokoshiJaime de AndaLauryn Tumey UrseryNikhil N. KulkarniYoshiyuki NakamuraJonathan ChenElizabeth W. C. LuoLamei WangHua XuAlison CoadyRaymond ZurichMichelle W. LeeTsutomu MatsuiHongKyu LeeLiana C. ChanAthena A. SchepmoesMary S. LiptonRui ZhaoJoshua N. AdkinsGeremy C. ClairLance R. ThurlowJonathan C. SchislerMatthew C. WolfgangRobert S. HaganMichael R. YeamanThomas M. WeissXinhua ChenMelody M. H. LiVictor NizetSilvio AntoniakNigel MackmanRichard L. GalloGerard C. L. WongaDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 9009cCalifornia NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095dDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095eBiomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, ChinafUniversity of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599gDepartment of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093hDivision of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215iDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093jStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025kDivision of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA 90502lDivision of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA 90502mDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095nInstitute for Infection & Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502oEnvironmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354pBiological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354qDivision of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599rDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599sMcAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599tDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599uComputational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599vMarsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599wDivision of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599xDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLucas W. SoaresChristopher G. KingChrishan M. FernandoAdam RothRonald R. BreakeraDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06536bDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8103cHHMI, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8103dDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511-8103
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 6, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) rarely occurs in immunocompetent children. Case presentation A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University in February 2023 with complaints of cough and chest pain. Physical examination showed slightly moist rales in the right lung. Chest computed tomography (CT) suggested a lung lesion and cavitation. Blood routine test, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, and complement tests indicated that the immune system was normal. However, the serum cryptococcal antigen test was positive. Next-generation sequencing revealed Cryptococcus infection. The child was diagnosed with PC and was discharged after treating with fluconazole 400 mg. Four months later, chest CT showed that the lung lesion diminished, and reexamination of serum cryptococcal antigen test turned positive. Conclusion PC should be considered in an immunocompetent child with pulmonary cavities with nonspecific symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is hampered by the lack of a gold standard. Current microbiological tests lack sensitivity and clinical diagnostic approaches are subjective. We therefore built a diagnostic model that can be used before microbiological test results are known. Methods We included 659 individuals aged (ge 16) years with suspected brain infections from a prospective observational study conducted in Vietnam. We fitted a logistic regression diagnostic model for TBM status, with unknown values estimated via a latent class model on three mycobacterial tests: Ziehl–Neelsen smear, Mycobacterial culture, and GeneXpert. We additionally re-evaluated mycobacterial test performance, estimated individual mycobacillary burden, and quantified the reduction in TBM risk after confirmatory tests were negative. We also fitted a simplified model and developed a scoring table for early screening. All models were compared and validated internally. Results Participants with HIV, miliary TB, long symptom duration, and high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte count were more likely to have TBM. HIV and higher CSF protein were associated with higher mycobacillary burden. In the simplified model, HIV infection, clinical symptoms with long duration, and clinical or radiological evidence of extra-neural TB were associated with TBM At the cutpoints based on Youden’s Index, the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing TBM for our full and simplified models were 86.0% and 79.0%, and 88.0% and 75.0% respectively. Conclusion Our diagnostic model shows reliable performance and can be developed as a decision assistant for clinicians to detect patients at high risk of TBM. Summary Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis is hampered by the lack of gold standard. We developed a diagnostic model using latent class analysis, combining confirmatory test results and risk factors. Models were accurate, well-calibrated, and can support both clinical practice and research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhilip J. Rosenthal, Victor Asua, Melissa D. Conrad
Nat Rev Microbiol, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Reena H Doshi, Patrick K Mukadi, Rebecca M Casey, Gabriel M Kizito, Hongjiang Gao, Beatrice Nguete U, Janeen Laven, Lilliane Sabi, Didine K Kaba, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Terri B Hyde, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, J Erin Staples
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
A fractional dose of the 17DD yellow fever vaccine induced an immunologic response with detectable titres at 5 years among the majority of participants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. These findings support the use of fractional-dose vaccination for outbreak prevention with the potential for sustained immunity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDilhan J. PereraCal Koger-PeaseKayla PauliniMohamed DaoudiMomar Ndao1Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada2Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada4National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada, Louisa A. Messenger
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract A 32-year-old female with advanced HIV infection presented to an Australian hospital with subacute but worsening symptoms of encephalitis. Metagenomic sequencing and Dengue NS3 antigen staining of brain tissue confirmed active Dengue virus (DENV) encephalitis. The most recent possible DENV exposure was months prior in West Africa, indicating chronicity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy persists alongside concerns about the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. We aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on risk of death among US veterans.Methods We conducted a target trial emulation to estimate and compare risk of death up to 60 days under two COVID-19 vaccination strategies: vaccination within 7 days of enrollment versus no vaccination through follow-up. The study cohort included individuals aged ≥18 years enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration system and eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccination according to guideline recommendations from 1 March 2021 through 1 July 2021. The outcomes of interest included deaths from any cause and excluding a COVID-19 diagnosis. Observations were cloned to both treatment strategies, censored, and weighted to estimate per-protocol effects.Results We included 3 158 507 veterans. Under the vaccination strategy, 364 993 received vaccine within 7 days. At 60 days, there were 156 deaths per 100 000 veterans under the vaccination strategy versus 185 deaths under the no vaccination strategy, corresponding to an absolute risk difference of −25.9 (95% confidence limit [CL], −59.5 to 2.7) and relative risk of 0.86 (95% CL, .7 to 1.0). When those with a COVID-19 infection in the first 60 days were censored, the absolute risk difference was −20.6 (95% CL, −53.4 to 16.0) with a relative risk of 0.88 (95% CL, .7 to 1.1).Conclusions Vaccination against COVID-19 was associated with a lower but not statistically significantly different risk of death in the first 60 days. These results agree with prior scientific knowledge suggesting vaccination is safe with the potential for substantial health benefits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (CA-SAB), but little is known about clinical outcomes of CA-SAB in PWID compared with the wider population of patients with CA-SAB.Methods Three national datasets were linked to provide clinical and mortality data on patients hospitalised with CA-SAB in England between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020. PWID were identified using the ICD-10 code for “mental health and behavioural disorder due to opioid use” (F11). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations of PWID with 30-day all-cause mortality and 90-day hospital readmission.Results In 10,045 cases of CA-SAB, 1,612 (16.0%) were PWID. Overall, 796 (7.9%) patients died within 30 days of CA-SAB admission and 1,189 (11.8%) patients were readmitted to hospital within 90 days of CA-SAB. In those without infective endocarditis there was strong evidence of lower odds of mortality among PWID compared with non-PWID (aOR: 0.47, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.33-0.68, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Abstract Background Carbapenemase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-CRPA) are extensively drug resistant bacteria. We investigated the source of a multistate CP-CRPA outbreak.Methods Cases were defined as a U.S. patient’s first isolation of P. aeruginosa sequence type 1203 with the carbapenemase gene blaVIM-80 and cephalosporinase gene blaGES-9 from any specimen source collected and reported to CDC between January 1, 2022–May 15, 2023. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study at the post-acute care facility with the most cases, assessed exposures associated with case status for all case-patients, and tested products for bacterial contamination.Results We identified 81 case-patients from 18 states, 27 of whom were identified through surveillance cultures. Four (7%) of 54 case-patients with clinical cultures died within 30 days of culture collection, and four (22%) of 18 with eye infections underwent enucleation. In the case-control study, case-patients had increased odds of receiving artificial tears compared to controls (crude matched OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 22.8). Overall, artificial tears use was reported by 61 (87%) of 70 case-patients with information; 43 (77%) of 56 case-patients with brand information reported use of Brand A, an imported, preservative-free, over-the-counter (OTC) product. Bacteria isolated from opened and unopened bottles of Brand A were genetically related to patient isolates. FDA inspection of the manufacturing plant identified likely sources of contamination.Conclusions A manufactured medical product serving as the vehicle for carbapenemase-producing organisms is unprecedented in the U.S. The clinical impacts from this outbreak underscore the need for improved requirements for U.S. OTC product importers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSami M. Ibn Shamsah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Sami M. Ibn Shamsah Intermetallic alloy containing rare earth dysprosium ions with the associated unfilled 4f shell electrons and sub-lattice of 3d-transition metal, results into fascinating magnetic properties which are useful for green refrigeration technological application. Magnetocaloric effect remains the fundamental principle upon which magnetic refrigeration technology is based while this cooling technology has advantages of cost effectiveness, high efficiency and environmental friendliness as compared with the existing conventional gas compression systems. Maximum magnetic entropy change (which controls the hugeness of magnetocaloric effect) of intermetallic alloy Dy-T-X (where T = transition metal and X = any other metal or nonmetal) is modeled in this work using hybrid genetic algorithm based support vector regression (GSVR) computational intelligent method with applied magnetic field, ionic concentration and ionic radii descriptors. The developed GSVR-G model with kernel Gaussian function outperforms GSVR-P model with polynomial function with improvement of 85.23%, 78.82% and 78.67% on the basis of the computed correlation coefficient (CC), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) on testing sample, respectively. The developed model further investigates the influence of applied external magnetic field on magnetocaloric effect of DyCuAl intermetallic alloy. The developed models in this work circumvent experimental challenges of magnetocaloric effect determination while the recorded precision of the developed model further opens doors for possible exploration of these intermetallic compounds for addressing environmental challenges associated with the present system of cooling.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRaissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos, Alynne da Silva Barbosa, Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto Aleixo, Igor Falco Arruda, Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Raissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos, Alynne da Silva Barbosa, Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto Aleixo, Igor Falco Arruda, Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is caused by protozoan T. gondii. Ophthalmological examination is considered the gold standard for OT diagnosis, and laboratory tests are used for diagnostic confirmation. However, these tests can present different results, which change depending on their basis, on sample type and on patients’ clinical alteration. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess immunodiagnostic and molecular techniques applied in blood, serum and tear fluid to diagnose T. gondii infection in patients seen at an Ophthalmology Clinic. In total, 160 patients were included in the study, 40 of them had OT with active lesions (G1); 40 had OT with healed lesions (G2), 40 had non-toxoplasmic uveitis (G3) and 40 had no ocular alterations (G4). Serum samples were subjected to Immunoenzymatic Assay (ELISA) and to Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFAT) to search for anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG. Tear fluid samples were analyzed through ELISA for IgA research. All blood and tear fluid samples were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) and in a Nested PCR model for T. gondii DNA amplification with targets B1, GRA7 and REP 529. IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii was detected in serum samples from 106 and 15 patients, respectively, when combining ELISA and IFAT results. Anti-T.gondii IgA antibodies were detected in 9.2% of the tear material. Nested PCR with GRA7 target showed higher positivity in blood samples (24.4%); Nested PCR with B1 target showed a higher frequency of positivity in tears (15%). Biological samples of patients with active lesions showed the highest positivity frequencies in all immunodiagnostic assays, as well as in most PCR models. The present results highlighted the need of associating techniques with different fundamentals to confirm OT diagnosis. Furthermore, further tear fluid analyses should be performed to validate this biological material as lesser invasive alternative for the more accurate OT diagnosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAaron E. Cozen, Thomas Carton, Rita Hamad, John Kornak, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Noah D. Peyser, Soo Park, Jaime H. Orozco, Matthew Brandner, Emily C. O’Brien, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N. McMahill-Walraven, Carmen R. Isasi, Alexis L. Beatty, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Gregory M. Marcus, Mark J. Pletcher
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Aaron E. Cozen, Thomas Carton, Rita Hamad, John Kornak, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Noah D. Peyser, Soo Park, Jaime H. Orozco, Matthew Brandner, Emily C. O’Brien, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N. McMahill-Walraven, Carmen R. Isasi, Alexis L. Beatty, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Gregory M. Marcus, Mark J. Pletcher COVID-19 increased the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety in the United States. To investigate contributing factors we analyzed anxiety, reported online via monthly Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) surveys between April 2020 and May 2022, in association with self-reported worry about the health effects of COVID-19, economic difficulty, personal COVID-19 experience, and subjective social status. 333,292 anxiety surveys from 50,172 participants (82% non-Hispanic white; 73% female; median age 55, IQR 42–66) showed high levels of anxiety, especially early in the pandemic. Anxiety scores showed strong independent associations with worry about the health effects of COVID-19 for oneself or family members (GAD-7 score +3.28 for highest vs. lowest category; 95% confidence interval: 3.24, 3.33; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeiwei Wang, Xinjie Zhao, Yanshu Jia, Jiali Xu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Weiwei Wang, Xinjie Zhao, Yanshu Jia, Jiali Xu The objectives are to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of epidemic pulmonary infectious diseases and to study the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pulmonary infectious disease diagnosis and public health management. The computer tomography (CT) images of 200 patients with pulmonary infectious disease are collected and input into the AI-assisted diagnosis software based on the deep learning (DL) model, \'UAI, pulmonary infectious disease intelligent auxiliary analysis system\', for lesion detection. By analyzing the principles of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in deep learning (DL), the study selects the AlexNet model for the recognition and classification of pulmonary infection CT images. The software automatically detects the pneumonia lesions, marks them in batches, and calculates the lesion volume. The result shows that the CT manifestations of the patients are mainly involved in multiple lobes and density, the most common shadow is the ground-glass opacity. The detection rate of the manual method is 95.30%, the misdetection rate is 0.20% and missed diagnosis rate is 4.50%; the detection rate of the DL-based AI-assisted lesion method is 99.76%, the misdetection rate is 0.08%, and the missed diagnosis rate is 0.08%. Therefore, the proposed model can effectively identify pulmonary infectious disease lesions and provide relevant data information to objectively diagnose pulmonary infectious disease and manage public health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEdzhem Chavush, Karl Rössler, Christian Dorfer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Edzhem Chavush, Karl Rössler, Christian Dorfer Objective The purpose of this study was to present the first comprehensive analysis of perioperative quality indicators; length of hospital stay; readmission; reoperation; pre-, intra, and postoperative events; and mortality in a diverse neurosurgical patient cohort in Europe. Methods Electronic medical records of all patients who were admitted to our institution between January 1 and December 31 of 2020, and underwent an index neurosurgical operation (n = 1142) were retrospectively reviewed. Results The median length of hospital stay at the index admission and readmission was 8 days (range: 1–242 days) and 5 days (range: 0–94 days), respectively. Of the 1142 patients, 22.9% (n = 262) had an extended length of hospital stay of ≥14 days. The all-cause 7-, 15-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day readmission rates were 3.9% (n = 44), 5.7% (n = 65), 8.8% (n = 100), 12.3% (n = 141), and 16.5% (n = 188), respectively. The main reason for unplanned readmission was deterioration of medical and/or neurological condition. The all-cause 7-, 15-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day reoperation rates were 11.1% (n = 127), 13.8% (n = 158), 16.5% (n = 189), 18.7% (n = 213), and 19.4% (n = 221), respectively. Unplanned reoperations were due primarily to hydrocephalus. The rate of preoperative events was 1.1% (n = 13), one-third of which were associated with infection. The rate of intraoperative events was 11.0% (n = 126), of which 98 (64.47%) were surgical, 37 (24.34%) were anesthesiologic, and 17 (11.18%) were associated with technical equipment. The rate of postoperative events was 9.5% (n = 109). The most common postoperative event was malfunction, disconnection, or dislocation of an implanted device (n = 24, 17.91%). The mortality rates within 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after the index operation were 0.9% (n = 10), 1.8% (n = 21), 2.5% (n = 29), 3.4% (n = 39), and 4.7% (n = 54), respectively. Several patient characteristics and perioperative factors were significantly associated with outcome parameters. Conclusions This study provides an in-depth analysis of quality indicators in neurosurgery, highlighting a variety of inherent and modifiable factors influencing patient outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThirumaaran Gopalan, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Victor Chee Wai Hoe, Pouya Hassandarvish
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Thirumaaran Gopalan, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Victor Chee Wai Hoe, Pouya Hassandarvish The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a critical supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) especially N95 respirators. Utilizing respirator decontamination procedures to reduce the pathogen load of a contaminated N95 respirator can be a viable solution for reuse purposes. In this study, the efficiency of a novel hybrid respirator decontamination method of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) which utilizes ultraviolet-C (UV-C) rays coupled with microwave-generated steam (MGS) against feline coronavirus (FCoV) was evaluated. The contaminated 3M 1860 respirator pieces were treated with three treatments (UVGI-only, MGS-only, and Hybrid—UVGI + MGS) with variable time. The virucidal activity was evaluated using the TCID50 method. The comparison of decontamination efficiency of the treatments indicated that the hybrid method achieved at least a pathogen log reduction of 4 logs, faster than MGS and UVGI. These data recommend that the proposed hybrid decontamination system is more effective comparatively in achieving pathogen log reduction of 4 logs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbeer Omar, Lindsay N. Grenier, Olivia Marquez, Sue Faber, Elizabeth K. Darling
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
by Abeer Omar, Lindsay N. Grenier, Olivia Marquez, Sue Faber, Elizabeth K. Darling Introduction Lyme disease is one of the most prevalent vector-borne disease in North America, yet its implications during pregnancy are poorly understood. Our knowledge of perinatal transmission of Lyme disease is limited due to the lack of robust epidemiological studies and longitudinal follow-up. Objectives This study aimed to understand the research priorities of people who have experienced Lyme disease in pregnancy and the feasibility of recruiting this population for future studies on perinatal transmission of Lyme disease. We also sought to understand the barriers and enablers to participating in research on perinatal transmission of Lyme disease. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using focus groups and interviews with people who had experienced Lyme disease during pregnancy. English speaking participants were recruited through an online survey. There was no geographic restriction on participation. The focus groups and the interview were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using interpretive content analysis. Results Twenty people participated in four semi-structured focus groups and one semi-structured individual interview. The majority of participants were from North America. Participants’ research priorities fell into five categories: transmission, testing, treatment, disease presentation, and education. All study participants expressed interest in future participation in research on Lyme disease in pregnancy and highlighted barriers and enablers to participation that could be addressed to facilitate future study recruitment. Conclusion The research priorities identified in this research would be well addressed through prospective research. People who experience Lyme disease in pregnancy are invested in continued research into perinatal transmission of Lyme disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Background An estimated 50% of suspected malaria cases in sub-Saharan Africa first seek care in the private sector, especially in private medicine retail outlets. Quality of care in these outlets is generally unknown but considered poor with many patients not receiving a confirmatory diagnosis or the recommended first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). In 2010, a subsidy pilot scheme, the Affordable Medicines Facility malaria, was introduced to crowd out the use of monotherapies in favour of WHO-pre-qualified artemisinin-based combinations (WHO-PQ-ACTs) in the private health sector. The scheme improved the availability, market share, and cost of WHO-PQ-ACTs in countries like Nigeria and Uganda, but in 2018, the subsidies were halted in Nigeria and significantly reduced in Uganda. This paper presents findings from six retail audit surveys conducted from 2014 to 2021 in Nigeria and Uganda to assess whether the impact of subsidies on the price, availability, and market share of artemisinin-based combinations has been sustained after the subsidies were reduced or discontinued. Methods Six independent retail audits were conducted in private medicine retail outlets, including pharmacies, drug shops, and clinics in Nigeria (2016, 2018, 2021), and Uganda (2014, 2019, 2020) to assess the availability, price, and market share of anti-malarials, including WHO-PQ-ACTs and non-WHO-PQ-ACTs, and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Results Between 2016 and 2021, there was a 57% decrease in WHO-PQ-ACT availability in Nigeria and a 9% decrease in Uganda. During the same period, non-WHO-PQ-ACT availability increased in Nigeria by 41% and by 34% in Uganda. The price of WHO-PQ-ACTs increased by 42% in Nigeria to $0.68 and increased in Uganda by 24% to $0.95. The price of non-WHO-PQ-ACTs decreased in Nigeria by 26% to $1.08 and decreased in Uganda by 64% to $1.23. There was a 76% decrease in the market share of WHO-PQ-ACTs in Nigeria and a 17% decrease in Uganda. Malaria RDT availability remained low throughout. Conclusion With the reduction or termination of subsidies for WHO-PQ-ACTs in Uganda and Nigeria, retail prices have increased, and retail prices of non-WHO-PQ-ACTs decreased, likely contributing to a shift of higher availability and increased use of non-WHO-PQ-ACTs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Background Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been effective in the supervised treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana. Since ACT usage is primarily unsupervised, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of artemether–lumefantrine (AL) for treating malaria patients in two transmission settings in Ghana. Methods Eighty-four individuals with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were recruited from Lekma Hospital (LH) in Accra (low-transmission area; N = 28), southern Ghana, and King’s Medical Centre (KMC) in Kumbungu (high-transmission area; N = 56), northern Ghana. Participants were followed up for 28 days after unsupervised treatment with AL. The presence of asexual parasites was determined by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears. Plasmodium species identification was confirmed using species-specific primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Parasite recrudescence or reinfection was determined by genotyping the Pfmsp 1 and Pfmsp 2 genes. Results After AL treatment, 3.6% (2/56) of the patients from KMC were parasitaemic on day 3 compared to none from the LH patients. One patient from KMC with delayed parasite clearance on day 3 remained parasite-positive by microscopy on day 7 but was parasite-free by day 14. While none of the patients from LH experienced parasite recurrence during the 28-day follow-up, three and two patients from KMC had recurrent parasitaemia on days 21 and 28, respectively. Percentage reduction in parasite densities from day 1, 2, and 3 for participants from the KMC was 63.2%, 89.5%, and 84.5%. Parasite densities for participants from the LH reduced from 98.2%, 99.8% on day 1, and 2 to 100% on day 3. The 28-day cumulative incidence rate of treatment failure for KMC was 12.8% (95% confidence interval: 1.9–23.7%), while the per-protocol effectiveness of AL in KMC was 89.47%. All recurrent cases were assigned to recrudescence after parasite genotyping by Pfmsp 1 and Pfmsp 2. Conclusion While AL is efficacious in treating uncomplicated malaria in Ghana, when taken under unsupervised conditions, it showed an 89.4% PCR-corrected cure rate in northern Ghana, which is slightly below the WHO-defined threshold.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Background and Objective Despite the significant burden of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and the licensure of two vaccines for use in infants and young children that are partially effective in preventing clinical malaria caused by Pf, a highly effective vaccine against Pf infection is still lacking. Live attenuated vaccines using Pf sporozoites as the immunogen (PfSPZ Vaccines) hold promise for addressing this gap. Here we review the safety and efficacy of two of the most promising PfSPZ approaches: PfSPZ Vaccine (radiation attenuated PfSPZ) and PfSPZ-CVac (chemo-attenuated PfSPZ). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, and WOS until 22nd December 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of these two vaccine approaches that measured protection against parasitaemia following controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in malaria-naive and malaria-exposed adults or following exposure to naturally transmitted Pf malaria in African adults and children (primary outcome) and that also measured the incidence of solicited and unsolicited adverse events as indicators of safety and tolerability after vaccination (secondary outcome). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that measured the detected parasitaemia after vaccination (primary outcome) and the incidence of various solicited and unsolicited adverse events (secondary outcome). The quality of the included RCTs using the Cochrane ROB 1 tool and the quality of evidence using the GRADE system were evaluated. We pooled dichotomous data using the risk ratio (RR) for development of parasitemia in vaccinees relative to controls as a measure of vaccine efficacy (VE), including the corresponding confidence interval (CI). This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022308057). Results We included 19 RCTs. Pooled RR favoured PfSPZ Vaccine (RR: 0.65 with 95% CI [0.53, 0.79], P = 0.0001) and PfSPZ-table (RR: 0.42 with 95% CI [0.27, 0.67], P = 0.0002) for preventing parasitaemia, relative to normal saline placebo. Pooled RR showed no difference between PfSPZ Vaccine and the control in the occurrence of any solicited adverse event (RR: 1.00 with 95% CI [0.82, 1.23], P = 0.98), any local solicited adverse events (RR: 0.73 with 95% CI [0.49, 1.08], P = 0.11), any systemic solicited adverse events (RR: 0.94 with 95% CI [0.75, 1.17], P = 0.58), and any unsolicited adverse event (RR: 0.93 with 95% CI [0.78, 1.10], P = 0.37). Conclusion PfSPZ and PfSPZ-CVacs showed comparable efficacy. Therefore, they can introduce a promising strategy for malaria prophylaxis, but more large-scale field trials are required to sustain efficacy and yield clinically applicable findings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Background Little is known about the etiology, clinical presentation, management, and outcome of central nervous system (CNS) infections in Indonesia, a country with a high burden of infectious diseases and a rising prevalence of HIV. Methods We included adult patients with suspected CNS infections at two referral hospitals in a prospective cohort between April 2019 and December 2021. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments were standardized. We recorded initial and final diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes during 6 months of follow-up. Results Of 1051 patients screened, 793 were diagnosed with a CNS infection. Patients (median age 33 years, 62% male, 38% HIV-infected) presented a median of 14 days (IQR 7–30) after symptom onset, often with altered consciousness (63%), motor deficits (73%), and seizures (21%). Among HIV-uninfected patients, CNS tuberculosis (TB) was most common (60%), while viral (8%) and bacterial (4%) disease were uncommon. Among HIV-infected patients, cerebral toxoplasmosis (41%) was most common, followed by CNS TB (19%), neurosyphilis (15%), and cryptococcal meningitis (10%). A microbiologically confirmed diagnosis was achieved in 25% of cases, and initial diagnoses were revised in 46% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 30%, and at six months, 45% of patients had died, and 12% suffered from severe disability. Six-month mortality was associated with older age, HIV, and severe clinical, radiological and CSF markers at presentation. Conclusion CNS infections in Indonesia are characterized by late presentation, severe disease, frequent HIV coinfection, low microbiological confirmation and high mortality. These findings highlight the need for earlier disease recognition, faster and more accurate diagnosis, and optimized treatment, coupled with wider efforts to improve the uptake of HIV services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Over the last decade, surgery rates have risen alarmingly, and surgical-site infections are expanding these concerns. In spite of advances in infection control practices, surgical infections continue to be a significant cause of death, prolonged hospitalization, and morbidity. As well as the presence of bacterial infections and their antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation is one of the challenges in the treatment of surgical wounds. Methods This review article was based on published studies on inpatients and laboratory animals receiving phage therapy for surgical wounds, phage therapy for tissue and bone infections treated with surgery to prevent recurrence, antibiotic-resistant wound infections treated with phage therapy, and biofilm-involved surgical wounds treated with phage therapy which were searched without date restrictions. Results It has been shown in this review article that phage therapy can be used to treat surgical-site infections in patients and animals, eliminate biofilms at the surgical site, prevent infection recurrence in wounds that have been operated on, and eradicate antibiotic-resistant infections in surgical wounds, including multi-drug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistance (XDR), and pan-drug resistance (PDR). A cocktail of phages and antibiotics can also reduce surgical-site infections more effectively than phages alone. Conclusion In light of these encouraging results, clinical trials and research with phages will continue in the near future to treat surgical-site infections, biofilm removal, and antibiotic-resistant wounds, all of which could be used to prescribe phages as an alternative to antibiotics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Purpose This study assessed the clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with risk factors for severe disease depending on their immunological status. Methods In this retrospective study with single follow-up visit, clinical outcome and humoral immunity was monitored in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at risk. The results were compared based on the patients’ initial immunological status: unvaccinated (UV), patients who did not develop neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine non-responders, VNR), and patients who expressed neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine responders, VR). Patients who lacked neutralizing antibodies (VNR and UV) were treated with nMABs. Results In total, 113 patients at risk of severe COVID-19 consented to participate in the study. VR and UV were not admitted to the hospital. During the observation period, UVs had the highest rate of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. Three of 41 VNRs (7.3%) were hospitalized due to severe COVID-19, with two of them having undergone iatrogenic B-cell depletion. The humoral immune response after infection was significantly lower in the VNR group than in the VR group in terms of anti-N, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), anti-S antibody titers, and anti-S antibody avidity. In a sub-analysis of VNR, B cell-deficient non-responders had significantly lower levels of anti-N antibodies and anti-S avidity after infection than other VNRs. Conclusion VNR, particularly B-cell-depleted VNR, remained at risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. In the VR group, however, no clinical complications or severe disease were observed, despite not receiving nMAbs. Tailoring the administration of nMABs according to patient vaccination and immunological status may be advisable.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Abstract Purpose We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with severely reduced renal clearance suffering from ceftazidime-induced encephalopathy. Subsequently, we search the literature to review and describe the neurotoxicity of ceftazidime. Methods A search string was developed to search PubMed for relevant cases from which relevant information was extracted. Using the collected data a ROC analysis was performed in R to determine a neurotoxicity threshold. Results Our patient suffered from progressive loss of consciousness and myoclonic seizures, with improvements noted a few days after discontinuation of treatment. The dose was not appropriately reduced to take into account her reduced renal function. The highest ceftazidime concentration recorded was 234.9 mg/mL. Using the Naranjo score we found a probable relationship between our patient’s encephalopathy and ceftazidime administration. In the literature we found a total of 32 similar cases, most of which also had some form of renal impairment. Using our collected data and ceftazidime concentrations provided in the literature, a ROC analysis provided a neurotoxicity threshold of 78 mg/L for ceftazidime neurotoxicity. Conclusion Ceftazidime-related neurotoxicity is a known issue, especially in patients with severe renal impairment. Yet no concrete toxicity threshold has been reported so far. We propose the first toxicity threshold for ceftazidime of 78 mg/L. Future prospective studies are needed to validate and optimize the neurotoxicity threshold as upper limit for ceftazidime therapeutic drug monitoring.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaonan ZhangYan WangSanwang LiFeifan XieHanxi Yi1Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China2Yueyang Inspection and Testing Center, Yueyang, China3Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China4Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Sibylle HaidAlina MatthaeiMelina WinklerSvenja M. SakeAntonia P. GuneschVanessa MilkeNatalie M. KöhlerJessica RückertGabrielle VieyresDavid KühlTu-Trinh NguyenMatthias GöhlLisa LasswitzFrancisco J. Zapatero-BelinchónGraham BrogdenGisa GeroldBettina WiegmannUrsula BilitewskiRichard J. P. BrownMark BrönstrupThomas F. SchulzThomas Pietschmann1Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany2Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany3German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany4Junior Research Group “Cell Biology of RNA Viruses”, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany5Integrative Analysis of Pathogen-Induced Compartments, Leibniz ScienceCampus InterACt, Hamburg, Germany6Calibr, a Division of The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA7Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany8Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany9Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden10Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), 901 87 Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden11Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany12Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany13Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany14BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, Hannover, Germany15Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany16Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Riley M. HorvathZabrina L. BrummeIvan Sadowski1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Molecular Epigenetics Group, LSI, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada2Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada3British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
I-Wen Chen, Chia-Li Kao, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
We read with great interest the systematic review and meta-analysis by Stabholz and Paul that examined the effect of antibiotic therapy for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on mortality and other patient-relevant outcomes [1]. The authors found no significant difference in all-cause mortality between vancomycin and either fidaxomicin or metronidazole in randomized controlled trials (RCTs)[1]. Initial treatment failure was also similar between vancomycin and fidaxomicin but was higher with metronidazole than with vancomycin (Relative Risk, 1.58)[1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid Shasha
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spurred the rapid development and implementation of novel vaccine technologies, which had either occasional or no prior use in humans. Within only one year into the pandemic two mRNA- and one Adenovirus vector vaccines received conditional approval after interim analysis of results of phase III clinical trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHernández-Mitre María Patricia, Morpeth Susan, Venkatesh Balasubramanian, Hills Thomas, Davis Joshua, Mahar Robert, McPhee Grace, Jones Mark, Totterdell James, Tong Steven, Roberts Jason
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Synthetic serine protease inhibitors block the cellular enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) preventing SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. There are two relevant drugs in this class, nafamostat (intravenous formulation) and camostat (oral formulation).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKyungmin Huh, Young-Eun Kim, Gi Hwan Bae, Jong Youn Moon, Ji-Man Kang, Jacob Lee, Jang-Whan Bae, Kyong Ran Peck, Jaehun Jung
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
To assess the association of primary and third doses of vaccination with the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCharu Aggarwal, Hasan Ahmed, Pragati Sharma, Elluri Seetharami Reddy, Kaustuv Nayak, Mohit Singla, Deepti Maheshwari, Yadya M. Chawla, Harekrushna Panda, Ramesh Chandra Rai, Sivaram Gunisetty, Lalita Priyamvada, Siddhartha Kumar Bhaumik, Syed Fazil Ahamed, Rosario Vivek, Priya Bhatnagar, Prabhat Singh, Manpreet Kaur, Kritika Dixit, Sanjeev Kumar, Kamal Gottimukkala, Keshav Saini, Prashant Bajpai, Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth, Shobha Mammen, Anand Rajan, Valsan Philip Verghese, Asha Mary Abraham, Paresh Shah, Kalichamy Alagarasu, Tianwei Yu, Carl W. Davis, Jens Wrammert, Aftab Ansari, Rustom Antia, Sushil Kumar Kabra, Guruprasad R. Medigeshi, Rafi Ahmed, Rakesh Lodha, Anita Shet, Anmol Chandele, Kaja Murali-Krishna
Nature, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Tropical Medicine &International Health, Volume 29, Issue 2, Page i-iv, February 2024.
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